中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

大脑的感觉、情绪、认知等功能与其神经振荡模式有密切的联系。通过施加节律性刺激可以调控大脑的神经振荡模式，进而影响个体感受、情绪状态和认知功能等。与近年来常见的非侵入性电刺激和磁刺激相比，同样依赖于外部刺激输入的节律性感觉刺激具有成本低、易操作等优点，被认为是一种极具潜力的神经调控手段。本文以节律性听觉刺激为例，系统综述了不同类型的节律性听觉刺激如何影响大脑的神经振荡模式，进而影响相关状态和功能；并通过总结外部节律性听觉刺激对个体感知觉、情绪与认知功能的影响，讨论了其生理机制和应用前景。

Accumulating evidence suggests that perceptual, emotional, and cognitive processes depend on ongoing neural oscillatory activities, which are easy to be entrained by rhythmic sensory stimuli, non-invasive transcranial electrical or magnetic stimulation, and invasive brain stimulation. Compared with other modulatory approaches, rhythmic sensory stimulation is economical and uncomplicated to implement, thus it has been considered a highly promising means of neuromodulation in recent years. To get a better understanding of this neuromodulatory approach, we present a systematic review of rhythmic auditory stimuli induced neural entrainment and its applications. Specifically, we discuss whether and how rhythmic auditory stimulation selectively modulates brain oscillations and its impact on human behaviors accordingly. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that entrainment of neural oscillations to auditory stimulations could alter specific aspects of perception, emotion, and cognitive functions, depending on the frequency and types of stimulation applied. Moreover, we review the advantages of rhythmic auditory stimulation as a tool in clinical practice, such as motor rehabilitation, and highlight the possibility to use rhythmic auditory stimulation on modulating emotion and cognitive functions. Last, we discuss and summarize the physiological mechanisms and applicational prospects of rhythmic stimulation as a neuromodulatory technique. Based on the current state of knowledge, rhythmic auditory stimulation can be considered a simple and efficient way to enhance human brain functions.

国家自然科学基金（32171077，32071061）资助项目