遮挡范式下碰撞时间估计的特性研究
其他题名A Research on the Influential Factors of Time to Collision Estimation
黄端
2009-01-09
摘要对运动物体碰撞时间的估计(TTC估计)是个体重要的认知能力,与避免碰撞和进行拦截等行为有关。目前关于TTC估计的研究有很多,也产生了一些具有影响力的理论,其中最具代表型的当属τ理论。在τ理论的基础上,相关研究发现视觉信息和物理信息是影响TTC估计的重要信息源。除此以外,是否还存在其他影响因素呢?本研究运用遮挡范式,采用混合设计,考察了不同类型被试(驾驶员和非驾驶员)、运动物体(小车和三轮车)、运动速度(慢速和快速)和运动方向(从左到右和从右到左)对TTC估计的影响。实验在电脑上完成,21名专职驾驶员和20名非驾驶员参加实验。被试的任务是,当其认为物体刚好撞上红色目标线条时按键确认。实验采用E-prime程序编写并记录反应时间。结果表明:(1)对小车的TTC估计与对三轮车的TTC估计有显著差异;(2)驾驶员TTC估计明显好于非驾驶员。由此可见,运动物体的概念信息和驾驶技能及经验也是影响TTC估计的信息源。
其他摘要The estimation of Time to Collision (TTC) related to avoiding collisions or making interceptions is an important cognitive ability for individuals. A number of studies have been carried out on this topic and related theories are developed. One of the most famous theories is the τ Theory. Based on the τ Theory, researches have found that visual information and physical information of moving objects would influent the TTC estimation. Are there any other factors that can affect people’s TTC estimation? A mixed design was used to examine the TTC estimation by different types of participants (professional drivers / people can not drive), with different moving objects (car/tricycle), under different speed (slow/fast) and direction (left to right / right to left) in Occlusion Paradigm. There were 21 professional drivers and 20 individuals who cannot drive participated in the experiment which was displayed on a computer. Participants were asked to click the button when he/she believed that the moving object had just contacted the red line. E-prime was used to establish the whole experimental environment and the RT was recorded at the same time. The results revealed that: (1) there is significant different TTC estimation between car and tricycle; (2) the professional drivers have more accurate TTC estimation than people do not drive. We can come to conclusion that conceptual information and driving skill could affect TTC estimation.
关键词碰撞时间 遮挡范式 驾驶技能 概念信息
学位类型硕士
语种中文
学位授予单位中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点心理研究所
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/4422
专题中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
黄端. 遮挡范式下碰撞时间估计的特性研究[D]. 心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,2009.
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