中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

跨期选择是对不同时间点的得失的权衡与选择.伊索寓言《蚂蚁和蚱蜢》假借群居型昆虫的跨期选择偏爱暗喻投资未来的慢策略比只顾眼前的快策略更利于生存.用跨期选择领域通用的语言解读这一寓言便是:选择大而迟选项的蚂蚁比选择小而早选项的蚱蜢更可能扛过严冬而生存下来.为了探索何种跨期选择策略更有助于我们扛过疫情,本研究调查了亚非欧美大洋洲这5大洲18个国家共计26355名受测者对混合得失双结果的跨期选择偏爱,测量了人们平时和疫时跨期选择偏爱的变易程度(2类变易的程度指标),以及人们自评的扛疫成效.跨文化比较结果的主要发现是:不同通货的选择变易程度(指标1)和不同时期的选择变易程度(指标2)能联合预测中国/新加坡文化圈国民的自评扛疫成效;不同时期的选择变易程度(指标2)也可以单独预测印度/马来西亚/菲律宾/尼日利亚文化圈国民的自评扛疫成效;这2类选择偏爱变易的程度指标不能预测其他文化圈国民的自评扛疫成效(或者预测方向和假设相反).基于易经"穷则变,变则通"的要旨和跨国比较的发现,我们认为:面临历史危机时善于变通的特长抑或成就了中华民族特有的竞争优势;在应对危机时,与中国文化距离越相近的国家或民族抑或也能越受益于类似的竞争优势.

Objective: To develop the Parenting Irrational Belief Scale (PIBS) which was suitable for Chinese parents of primary school students, as well as examine its validities and reliabilities. Methods: The items were compiled on the basis of literature review and interview, and the initial draft of the scale was formed through expert demonstration and trial testing. Totally 307 parents of primary school students were selected to conduct item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, X00 parents of primary school students were selected to conduct confirmatory factor analysis, criterion validity test and internal consistency relia5ility test, and 150 parents were randomly selected from the formal test sample for retest after 3 weeks. The criterion validity was examined with the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Form A(DAS-A).Results: The scale with a total of 27 items was divided into 5 factors, namely awfulling, demandingness, need for approval, overgeneralization and self-downing. The factor loadings of items ranged from 0. 51 to 0. 81，and the 5 factors could explain 58. 76% of the total variance. Confinnatory factor analysis showed that the second-order 5-factor model fitted well (x²/df = 3. 23, AGFI=0. 83, CFI=0. 88, IFI=0. 88, RMSEA= 0.07).The total score of the scale and the scores of each factor were all significantly positively correlated with the scores of DAS-A(r=0. 49-0.72, Ps<0. O1}. The Cronbach coefficients were 0.93 for the total scale and 0. 76-0. 87 for the 5 subscales, and the test-retest reliabilities were 0. 89 for the total scale and 0. 75-0. 88 for the 5 sub scales. Conclusion: The Parenting Irrational Belie, Scale developed in this study has good validity and reliability, and could be used as a tool to measure parenting Irrational beliefs in parents of parents school students.

国家自然科学基金项目(71761167001)、国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA358, 18ZDA332)、福建省社会科学规划一般项目(FJ2020B057)资助。