In recent years, school bullying has been reported repeatedly in China, and many scholars have conducted relevant studies on this issue. However, in the research on bullying and victimization, few people put forward the influence of parents' marital quality. From the perspective of marital quality of parents, this study explored the relationship between marital quality of parents and school bullying victimization, and further discussed the mediating effect of parent-child attachment on the prediction route of marital quality of parents and the moderating effect of gender of children.
Subjects: Students in grade 3-6 from three primary schools in suburban Beijing and their parents. A total of 425 sets of questionnaires were issued to families, 346 mother-child data and 315 father-child data were retrieved. The average age of the surveyed students was between 8 and 13 years old (10.55士0.97), including 196 boys (52.55%) and 177 girls (47.45%).
Research tools: DAS-7, Chinese version of Parent-child Attachment Questionnaire, student questionnaire of Child Development Project of Child Development Research Center.
Research methods: SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis. (1) Correlation statistics of all research variables were conducted. (2) Mediation model analysis; (3) Moderated mediation model analysis;
Results: (1) Correlation statistics showed that maternal marital quality was significantly positively correlated with paternity attachment, mother-child attachment, and father marital quality; Father-child attachment was positively correlated with mother-child attachment. Bullying victimization is negatively correlated with paternity attachment, mother-child attachment, marital quality of father and mother. The age of children is negatively correlated with marital quality and bullying victimization. (2) The mediating effect test showed that father-child attachment completely mediated the relationship between mother's marital quality and bullying victimization, and mother-child attachment partially mediated the relationship between mother's marital quality and bullying victimization. (3) The moderating effect of children's gender was found to moderate the predictive effect of maternal marital quality on father-child attachment. For girls, maternal marital quality had a significant mediating effect on father-child attachment. For boys, maternal marital quality had a direct effect on bullying victimization.
Conclusion: Improving marital quality of fathers can reduce bullying of children in school. Improving the marital quality of mothers can not only directly reduce the school bullying of their children, but also have an impact on bullying victimization through improving father-child attachment and mother-child attachment. Compared with mother-child attachment, father-child attachment plays a stronger role in the relationship between mother's marital quality and bullying victimization. And for boys, improving the quality of their mothers' marriages can reduce bullying victimization in school. For girls, maternal marital quality reduces bullying victimization in school by increasing father-child attachment.
Significance: This study provides new evidence to support children's school bullying phenomenon from the perspective of family system theory, expands the understanding of the influencing factors of school bullying victimization, and provides a possible practical reference for home-school cooperation to prevent school bullying.
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