| 其他摘要 | Left-behind junior high school students are in adolescence called emotional storm period, and at the same time they have to face long-term parent-child separation,both increases the probality of depressive symptoms. In left-behind families, the main members include parents who go out to work, main caregivers who take care of their children at home, and children. According to the family system theory, their behaviors and emotions affect each other, and this influence is crucial to the development of adolescents. Among them, the parenting style of caregivers and the frequency of parent-child communication are the two key factors that affect the formation of depression in adolescents. Therefore, this study firstly compared the differences of parenting styles and depressive symptoms between left-behind and non-left-behind children, then further explored the effect of the parenting style on the depression of left-behind childern, and the moderating of parent-child communication between them.
Study 1:The self-rating Parenting Style Scale and the Children's Depression conditions of non-left-behind, single-parent, and both-parent-out junior children. t test and variance analysis were used to analyze the differences of depressive symptoms and the parenting style among different types of left-behind children.
The results showed that: (1) The detection rate of depressive symptoms among left-behind children(36.86%) was significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children(27.91%).Among them, the depression detection rate of both-parent-out left-behind children was the highest (39.66%), which was significantly higher than single-parent left-behind and non-left-behind ones.(2) The positive parenting style perceived by left-behind children were significantly lower than those of non-left-behind students, and the score of both-parent going out students was significantly lower than that of single parent going out. (3) The negative parenting style perceived by single-parent and both-parent going out perceived were significantly higher than non-left-behind ones.
Study 2: On the basis of the first study. First, the Pearson correlation was used to calculate the correlation between depressive symptoms, primary caregiver parenting style and parent-child communication. Then, multiple linear regression was used to test the moderating effect of parent-child communication on parenting style and depressive symptoms. Finally, a simple slope test to compare the differences in depression of adolescents with different parent-child communication frequencies under different parenting styles.
The results showed that: (1) Single parent left-behind and both parent left -behind children, parenting style and parent-child communication were significantly correlated with the depression of adolescents. (2)Primary caregiver's positive parenting style and parent-child communication frequency significantly positively predicted depression in both LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them,primary caregiver's negative parenting style significantly and negatively predicted depression in LBC without accompanying parents and those with single parent accompanying them (3)Moderating effect of parent-adolescent communication frequency was significant between primary caregiver's parenting style and children' depression of LBC.
Through the above two studies: (1) Compared with non-left-behind students, LBC are in a more unfavorable situation. They perceive more negative parenting styles and less positive parenting styles, and more prominent depressive symptoms. (2) The main caregiver's positive parenting style and parent-child communication can effectively reduce the depression risk of LBC, while the negative parenting style will increase their depression risk. (3) Parent-child communication between LBC and their parents can be an effective moderating factor for the influence of main caregiver's parenting style to their depression. The higher frequency of the parent-child communication, the smaller the negative impact of negative parenting styles on the depression of LBC, and the greater the positive impact of positive parenting styles. This study emphasizes the necessity to pay attention to the mental health problems of LBC, and provides recommendations for intervention and prevention. To alleviate the depression of LBC, positive family parenting style and more parent-child communication are very necessary. |
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