| 其他摘要 | Gender Stereotype Threat Theory considered that when they realize that their performance in the group may be inconsistent with their own gender, they will perform poorly on the task. Some studies have shown that gender attitudes of others have an impact on the flexibility of creative output, and are negatively correlated. In the process of children's growth, 3-6 years old is the peak period of gender rigidity. They obtain gender information through specific cues and then form gender-stereotypes. Among these cues, color is one of the earliest gender cues they acquire, Children's clothing, toys, teaching aids, scene backgrounds will all convey information to children that color is a visual label of gender. Therefore, when children are assigned color materials that they perceive to be incompatible with their gender, there is a risk that it can affect their performance on a task, or even their creativity. But so far, many studies have focused on the gender differences in color preference among preschool children, and there are few studies on color gender stereotypes.
Therefore, the present study takes 92 children aged 3-6 and their mothers (81 valid participants) from 2 kindergartens in Beijing and Tianjin as the research objects to examine the implicit and explicit stereotypes of color and gender in preschool children. Development at the individual level and the influence of mothers on children's color-gender stereotypes. In addition, 53 children aged 3一6 and their mothers in these two kindergartens were used as the research objects to examine the relationship that children's color gender stereotypes on implicit or explicit level, mothers' color gender-stereotypes or counter-stereotype, and children's stereotypical color likings, respectively.
This present study used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to test implicit color gender stereotypes in preschool children. The test is divided into two levels. The first level explores whether 3一6 years old children already have gender stereotypes about color at the implicit level, and the second level explores whether children's implicit color gender stereotypes are related to gender and age. There are differences between the two factors. The results of the study show that children aged 3-6 already have significant implicit color gender stereotypes, and there is no significant difference in age and gender. The "color dressing experiment" was used to investigate the explicit color gender stereotypes of preschool children. This experiment also explored two questions: whether 3-6 years old children already have color gender stereotypes at the explicit level, and whether there are developmental differences in gender and age.
The results of the study show that children aged 3一6 already have significant color gender stereotypes on explicit level, and there are gender differences, girls have stronger color gender stereotypes than boys; Questionnaires are used to investigate the color gender stereotypes of mothers. The effects of color gender impressions and counter-stereotypes on children's implicit and explicit levels of color gender impressions were analyzed. The findings suggest that maternal color gender counter-stereotypes are able to slightly predict children's implicit color gender stereotypes.
Two tasks were used to investigate the gender differences in preschool children's color preferences, and to explore the relationship between implicit and explicit color gender stereotypes, mothers' color gender stereotypes, and counter-stereotypes, respectively, and children's stereotypical color likings. The results show that, the same to the western studies, preschool children in China already have significant gender differences in pink and blue color preferences, but children's implicit and explicit color gender stereotypes, as well as mothers' color gender stereotypes and counter-stereotypes were not affected children stereotypical color likings. |
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