健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

青少年手机依赖已成为全社会关注的热点问题。家庭环境下，父母最常用的干预方式是说教，却忽略了自己低头看手机对子女的消极影响。为了验证上述影响是否真实存在，并且探明可能存在的内在机制，本研究围绕父母低头行为对青少年手机依赖的影响展开探讨，以追踪设计和横断研究相结合，验证父母低头行为对青少年手机依赖的预测作用;在调查青少年手机依赖现状的基础上，从个体心理因素和社会环境因素综合作用的角度，探究父母低头行为对青少年手机依赖影响的内在机制，以期为家长的自我教育和青少年手机依赖的预防与干预提供参考依据和理论支持。

本文包括两项研究:研究一采用父母低头行为量表、广泛性焦虑障碍量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、简版智能手机成瘾量表，对山东潍坊某初中333名学生进行间隔6个月的2次测量并进行交叉滞后分析，以验证父母低头行为与青少年手机依赖的因果关系，以及与青少年焦虑、抑郁、手机依赖的相互预测作用。结果:2次测量学生焦虑症状的检出率分别为69.7%和63.1%;抑郁症状的检出率分别为44.4%和31.2%;手机依赖的检出率分别为54.1%和45.6%。青少年感知的父母低头行为随时间推移有增加趋势，青少年焦虑、抑郁和手机依赖水平有减少趋势。2次测量的父母低头行为与青少年焦虑、抑郁、手机依赖均呈正相关(均r >0.340, p <0.01); 前测父母低头行为能够单向预测后测青少年焦虑(刀一0.180,p<0.01)、抑郁(/}=0.119, p <0.05 )、手机依赖(/}=0.136, p <0.05 );焦虑、抑郁与手机依赖无显著的相互预测作用。

为进一步探明父母低头行为影响青少年手机依赖的内在机制，研究二使用父母低头量表、基本心理需要满足量表、领悟社会支持量表、简版智能手机成瘾量表，采用整群抽样方法选取8所学校的中小学生2200人，在调查青少年手机依赖现状的基础上，探究父母低头行为与青少年手机依赖的关系，以及基本心理需要满足的中介作用和领悟社会支持的调节作用。结果:青少年手机依赖的检出率为男生41.3%，女生31.6%;智能手机依赖的发生率在不同性别(t=2.320，p <0.05 ), 居住地(t=-6.000, p <0.001)、是否住校(t=13.010, p <0.001)、学历段(F=111.550,p <0.001)、家庭类型(F=4.291, p <0.01)、手机活动偏好(F=92.885, p <0.001) 的青少年之间差异均有统计学意义。男生(OR=1.500 ，p <0.001)、初中(OR=1.370p <0.05 )、高中(OR=2.570 ，p <0.001)、刷视频(OR=1.700 p <0.001)、玩游戏 ( OR=1.700， p <0.001)是青少年手机依赖的独立风险因素。父母低头行为通过降低基本心理需要的满足影响青少年手机依赖(β=0.058, p＜0.001)，领悟社会支持在其中两条路径中起调节作用(β=-0.056, p＜0.01)，加强了父母低头行为和较低的基本心理需要满足对青少年的不良影响。

结论: （1）父母低头行为能够引发青少年手机依赖，同时也能预测青少年焦虑、抑郁的发生。父母低头行为对青少年手机依赖的影响并不是通过焦虑、抑郁产生的。(2）较高比例的中学生存在手机依赖，要重点关注初高中、男生群体和青少年刷视频、玩游戏的手机活动。(3)预防和干预青少年手机依赖，要关注社会环境和个体心理因素的共同作用，尤其是父母的低头行为对子女的不良影响。

Teenagers' addiction on mobile phones has become a hot issue concerned by the whole society. In the family environment, the most common way for parents to intervene is to preach, but they ignore the negative impact of their own phones on their children. In order to verify the real existence of this problem and explore the possible internal mechanism, this study focused on the influence of parental phubbing behavior on adolescents' mobile phone addiction, and verified the predictive effect of parental phubbing behavior on adolescents' mobile phone addiction through the combination of tracking design and cross-section study. On the basis of investigating the current situation of adolescents' mobile phone addiction, this paper explores the internal mechanism of the influence of parents' bowing behavior on adolescents' mobile phone addiction from the perspective of the comprehensive effect of individual psychological factors and social environmental factors, in order to provide reference basis and theoretical support for parents' self-education and the prevention and intervention of adolescents' mobile phone addiction.

This paper includes two sub-studies. Using the Parents Pubbing Scale, Generalized anxiety disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7）, Patient Health questionnaire 9(PHD-9) and Smartphone Addiction Scale-SV, 333 students in a junior high school in Weifang, Shandong Province, were measured twice at 6-month intervals, and data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel model. The purpose of this study is to verify the causal relationship between parental phubbing behavior and adolescents' mobile phone addiction, and a mutual predictive relationship with adolescent a nxiety, depression, and mobile phone addiction. For further proven parental phubbing behavior affect the teenagers' mobile phone addiction on the intrinsic mechanism, cluster sampling was used to select 2200 primary and junior-senior high school students, using the general situation questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-SV, the Parents Phubbing Scale, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale and the Perceived Social Support Scale. The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction and the moderating role of social support in the influence of parental phubbing behavior on adolescents' mobile phone addiction. Results: The detection rate of mobile phone addiction was 41.3% in boys and 31.6% in girls. The incidence of mobile phone addiction was different in gender (t=2.320,p <0.05), residence (t=-6.000, p <0.001), school residence (t =13.010, p<0.001), education level (F=111.550, p <0.001), family type (F=4.291，p<0.01) and mobile phone activity preference (F=92.885, p<0.001) were statistically significant. Male students (OR=1.500, p <0.001), junior high school students (OR=1.370, p<0.05), senior high school students (OR=2.570, p<0.001), video watching (OR=1.700, p<0.001), playing games (OR=1.700, p<0.001) was an independent risk factor for mobile phone addiction among adolescents. Parents' phubbing behavior affects adolescents' mobile phone addiction by reducing the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (β=0.058, p<0.001), and social support plays a moderating role in two pathways（β=-0.056, p<0.01), strengthening the negative influence of parents' phubbing behavior and low satisfaction of basic psvchological needs on adolescents.

Conclusions :(1) parental phubbing behavior can induce adolescents' mobile phone addiction, predict the occurrence of adolescents' anxiety and depression. However, adolescents' anxiety and depression could not predict adolescents' mobile phone addiction, indicating that the influence of parental phubbing behavior on adolescents' mobile phone addiction was not generated through anxiety and depression. (2) A high proportion of middle school students rely on mobile phones, so we should focus on the activities of middle and high schools, boys and teenagers who watch videos and play games. (3) To prevent and intervene teenagers' mobile phone addiction, attention should be paid to the joint effect of social environment and individual psychological factors, especially the negative influence of parents' phubbing behavior on their children.