健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

交通安全是社会关注的热点问题之一，在影响交通安全的因素中，人的因素，特别是驾驶员的驾驶行为因素是引发交通事故的关键，研究驾驶员心理对安全驾驶行为的影响意义重大。既往研究表明，压力不仅影响驾驶员的驾驶操作性能，引发交通事故，长期的驾驶压力也会威肋、驾驶员的身心健康。我国目前关于驾驶员压力的研究还比较少，这与我国日益增长的驾驶员群体和复杂的城市交通问题形成的比较大的反差。

本研究在既往研究和现实意义的基础上，探讨国外研究者开发的驾驶员压力量表(Driver Stress Inventory, DSI)在我国的驾驶员人群的适应性，以及我国城市驾驶员的压力状况及影响因素，以我国北京、上海、广州三大城市的驾驶员为研究对象，围绕驾驶员压力主题展开调查研究。委托市场调查公司，从北上广三城市汽车销售服务4S店收集到的驾驶员名单中，根据“职业”和“非职业”两类司机，按照每个城市300名被试数量，使用方便抽样和目的抽样相结合的方法，总共选取900名驾驶员参加此项研究，回收有效数据889份，有效率为98.78% 。

本研究探讨并修订了驾驶员压力量表中文版，研究结果显示修订后的DS工(中文版)量表信效度良好，可作为我国驾驶人员压力的评估工具。本研究采用修订后驾驶员压力量表收集的被试样本数据，从人格特质、人口学因素、自评“路怒族”差异等维度探索总体样本及分类型样本(职业与非职业驾驶员)的驾驶员压力及影响因素。研究结果显示，驾驶员的性别、类别、受教育程度、人格特征等因素都与驾驶员压力存在显著的相关性。情绪性、开放性、宜人性和尽责性人格特质，以及自评“路怒族”可以显著预测职业和非职业驾驶员的驾驶压力。

本研究修订的中文版驾驶员压力量表可以作为评估我国驾驶员压力特征的有效工具，人口学因素、人格特质和路怒作为驾驶员压力的显著相关和影响因素，可作为职业驾驶员筛选、非职业驾驶人群的安全驾驶评估干预的考量要素。

Traffic safety is one of the hot issues concerned by the society. Among the factors affecting traffic safety, the human factor, especially the driver's driving behavior factor, is the key factor in causing traffic accidents. Previous studies have shown that stress not only affects the driver's driving performance and causes traffic accidents, but long-term driving stress also threatens the driver's physical and mental health. At present, there are relatively few studies on driver stress in China.

On the basis of previous research and practical significance, this study explores the adaptability of the Driver Stress Inventory (DSI) developed by foreign researchers, as well as the stress status and influence of urban drivers in China. This research takes the drivers in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as the research object, and conducts investigation and research around the theme of driver stress. A market research company was commissioned to collect the driver lists from the 4S stores of automobile sales and service in according to standard social science sampling methods. A total of 900 drivers were selected to participate in this study, and 889 valid data were recovered, with an effective rate of 98.78%.

This study revised the Driver Stress Inventory and conducted a reliability and validity test of the scale. The results showed that the revised DSI (Chinese version) scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used as an assessment tool in China. This study uses the sample data collected by the revised Driver Stress Inventory to explore influencing factor of driver stress in the overall sample and sub-type samples (professional and non-professional drivers) from the dimensions of personality traits, demographic factors, and self-assessed Road Rage differences. The results of the study show that drivers' gender, category, education level, personality characteristics are significantly correlated with driver stress. Neuroticism, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness personality traits, as well as self-rated Road Rage can significantly predict driver stress in professional and non-professional drivers. predict driver stress in professional and non-professional drivers.

The results of this study show that the revised Chinese version of the Driver Stress Inventory can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the stress characteristics of the driver population in China. Demographic factors, personality traits and Road Rage are significantly correlated and influencing factors of driver stress, and can be considered as factors for professional driver screening and safe driving assessment interventions for non-professional drivers.