其他摘要 | With the gradual relaxation of China's fertility policy, more and more families are choosing to have multiple children, and sibling relationships have become a growing concern for researchers. In the process of raising multiple children, how to establish good sibling relationships, mediate and handle sibling disputes, and better play the positive role of sibling relationships in children's development has become a practical issue that families with multiple children are concerned about and facing. It urgently needs theoretical support and practical guidance. In the family system, parent-child and sibling relationships interact and influence each other, and interactions between siblings can also have an impact on each other's growth and development. Children's temperament determines the interaction mode between children, parents, and siblings, and as an individual factor, it simultaneously affects sibling and parent-child relationships. Therefore, this study conducts the following research based on family system theory and social learning theory.
Objective: To explore the current situation, structure, and characteristics of sibling relationships, parent-child relationships, and child temperament among preschool children in China, as well as the impact of parent-child relationships and child temperament on sibling relationships.
Methods: A total of 606 children aged 3 to 7 years old (i.e. over 3 years old but under 8 years old) from 303 groups of families with two children were selected as the research subjects. The "Quality of Early Siblings in Children" questionnaire developed by Li Yan and her team, which is suitable for 0一8 years old, the "Child Parent Relationship Scale" developed by Pianta, and the "3-7 Year Old Children's Temperament Questionnaire" designed by the NYLS group were used to collect the sibling relationships of each group of families The data of parent-child relationship and children's temperament were analyzed by SPSS, including descriptive analysis, difference analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediating effect effect analysis.
Results: (1) The overall state of sibling relationships among preschool children in China is good, and the three dimensions of sibling warmth, sibling conflict, and sibling jealousy are mutually independent. (2) In the preschool stage, when the first child is a girl, the warmth between siblings is the best, and when the age difference between siblings is 3 years, the overall state of sibling relationships is the best. (3) In the preschool stage, when siblings have different genders, there will be more parent-child conflicts in parent-child relationships. (4) Negative emotions are the core factor in the five factor structure of children's temperament in China, and the level of shyness is the most stable. Negative emotions, concentration, self-control, and adaptability significantly develop and improve with age, and their overall structure is stable. (5) Parent-child conflict plays a partial mediating role in the impact of negative emotions on sibfing conflict and jealousy in children. (6) Parent-child intimacy plays a complete mediating role in the impact of shyness level on sibling conflict in first child children, while parent-child conflict plays a partial mediating role in its impact on sibling jealousy; The shyness level of second child children affects sibling warmththrough the complete mediating effect of parent-child intimacy. (7) Parent-child intimacy has a partial mediating effect on the influence of children's attention and self-control on the warmth of their siblings.
Conclusion: The overall state of sibling and parent-child relationships among preschool children in China is good, and their temperament characteristics have their own unique structures and characteristics. The mediating role of parent-child relationship is significant in the influence of various dimensions of children's temperament on sibling relationships. Focusing on children's temperament characteristics and building good parent-child relationships has a positive promoting effect on the establishment of good sibling relationships in second child families. |
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