其他摘要 | As Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered its new era, people's expectations for their livelihood and well-being have been ever-increasing. What the Chinese people expect is the direction of government policy. The 19th National Congress of the CPC report points out that improving people's well-being is the fundamental purpose of development. The CPC and government's unremitting goal is to meet the people's aspirations for a better life and improved well-being. The discussion of the relationship between Chinese people's livelihood and residents' well-being has received extensive attention from the government and academia. The people's livelihood covers a broad scope and comprises a variety of livelihood indicators. However, the existing studies mainly focus on one or some livelihood indicators and their correlation with residents' well-being, which suffers from a limited research scope and insufficient convincing influence. Therefore, it has become urgent to systematically compile livelihood indicators and establish a livelihood index to comprehensively investigate the impact of livelihood construction projects on residents' well-being.
This study aims to explore the correlation between China's Livelihood Index and people's subjective well-being (SWB), taking people's SWB as a marker to understand people's needs, providing ideas and suggestions for improving livelihood construction, and enhancing people's well-being. In the first study, based on the trend of people's SWB in the past thirty years, the study is conducted using a qualitative research method and confirms that livelihood indicators of education and health care are related to well-being in the long term. Meanwhile, combining psychology and welfare economics theories, employs the internal connection of theories to determine whether livelihood projects may influence people's SWB in the long term. In the second study, to address the inconsistent findings in the established studies, a quantitative research method is applied to explore whether overall public services and individual services are influential factors in people's SWB over time series using meta-analysis. In the third study, to address the livelihood indicators missed in the established studies, an empirical analysis is employed to establish seven indicators of China's Livelihood Index from three levels: residents' livelihood, public service, and living environment. And seven indicators of people's livelihood: public education, public transportation, social security and employment, health care, living environment, and economic development are selected to explore further how the livelihood index influences people's SWB in the long run. Based on the time series analysis, the Granger Causality Test is also employed to investigate the causal relationship between the livelihood index and people's SWB.
The main results of this study are as follows: firstly, in terms of both GDP per capita and disposable income per capita, it is confirmed that the level of economic development has the Granger causality relationship with people's SWB, and both are significant and positively related to people's SWB in the time series. Secondly, at the overall level, China's livelihood index enjoys the Granger causality relationship with people's SWB, and the higher China's livelihood index, the greater the people's SWB; at the level of a single indicator, the stress of fife and public education are the Granger causality of people's SWB. The faculty-student ratio in public education and the number of practicing physicians in health care positively correlate with people's SWB; the stress of fife and public transportation negatively correlate with people's SWB, respectively.
In summary, based on theoretical analysis and empirical investigation, this study proves the existence of a positive correlation between indicators of China's Livelihood Index and people's SWB. There are variations in the degree of influence of livelihood indicators on well-being in various fields, among which public education, health care, and public transportation have a higher influence. The urban-rural comparison reveals that the well-being of rural residents is mainly influenced by public education and health care, while the well-being of urban residents is further influenced by public transportation. Therefore, this study proposes that it is necessary to act according to circumstances. On the one hand, the expenditures on indicators of China's Livelihood Index should be optimized according to the degree of influence to improve people's sense of well-being while rationalizing the fiscal expenditure structure; on the other hand, the fair and balanced development of China's Livelihood Index among 31 provinces and cities should be emphasized further to improve the level of people's SWB in China. |
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