精神分裂症患者主要照顾者在精神分裂症患者的日常生活中扮演着重要角色，承担着长期的照顾负担，处于一定的应激状态。国外研究发现他们有很重的生活负担，面临严重的心理健康风险，需要更多支持。而来自各方面的社会支持，又可以对该群体的心理健康起到保护性作用。 主观幸福感是心理健康水平的重要标准。许多研究表明，社会支持能够有效
提高主观幸福感。研究社会支持对精神分裂症主要照顾者的主观幸福感的作用机制，并探寻其中可能起到中介作用的保护性因素，有助于改善和提高精神分裂症主要照顾者生活质量问题，在理论与实践上都有非常重要意义。
目的:本研究旨在探讨精神分裂症主要照顾者社会支持与主观幸福感的关系及中介机制。深入探究其需要何种社会支持和提供何种社会支持能对其解决问题有一定的帮助。
方法:研究一收集了精神分裂症患者的主要照顾者214名的数据，选取2个时间点，采用社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale, SSRS )、公正世界信念量表、成人希望特质量表(Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, ADHS)以及幸福感指数量表进行测量。研究二采用质性研究方法，分两次共访谈30名被试，使用NVivo 12软件对访谈录音中的文本进行分析，并运用主题分析方法进行整理归纳。
结果:研究一的结果发现:C1)社会支持、公正世界信念、希望与主观幸福感之间两两显著正相关;C2)公正世界信念在社会支持和主观幸福感之间起中介作用;(3)希望在社会支持和主观幸福感之间起中介作用;(4)二者在社会支持和主观幸福感间起链式中介作用。研究二的结果发现:组间特征结果体现了高，低社会支持分组，组内特征的结果首先主要反映精神分裂症主要照顾者已到的综合支持，其次是所面对的困难/负担，再者是综合需求。高分组的独有的需求是情感需求;低分组独有的需求是整体需求;两组共有需求包括专业支持和未来安置的支持、政策信息支持和经济支持。专业支持满足了能力感需求，未来安置支持能满足能力感和自主感，政策信息需求满足能力感，经济支持满足能力感和自主感。
结论:精神分裂症主要照顾者的社会支持可以通过影响其公正世界信念和希望，最终影响该群体的主观幸福感;精神分裂症主要照顾者的需求主要有对患者医疗和生活支持的需求;低社会支持和高社会支持的精神分裂症主要照顾者的需求是有区别的，高支持组更倾向于情感需求，低支持组对医疗、经济等各方面都有需求。
其他摘要
The main caregivers of schizophrenia patients play an important role in the daily life of schizophrenia patients，bear the long-term care burden, and are in a certain state of stress. Foreign studies have found that they have a heavy burden of life，face serious mental health risks, and need more support, social support from all sides can play a protective role in the mental health of this group.
Subjective well-being is an important standard of mental health. Many studies have shown that social support can effectively improve subjective well-being. It is of great significance in theory and practice to study the mechanism of social support on the subjective well-being of primary caregivers of schizophrenia and explore the protective factors that may play a mediating role in improving and enhancing the quality of life of primary caregivers of schizophrenia.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and subjective well-being of primary caregivers of schizophrenia and the mediating mechanism. Explore in depth what kind of social support they need and which social support providers would be useful in helping them solve their problems.
Method: Study one collected data on 214 primary caregivers of schizophrenia patients at two time points. Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)，Just World Belief Scale，Adult Dispositional Hope Scale(ADHS)and happiness index scale were used for measurement. In the second study, a qualitative research method was adopted.
A total of 30 subjects were interviewed twice. NVivo12 software was used to analyze the text in the interview recording，and use the topic analysis method to sort out and summarize.
Results: The study one found that:(1) Social support, belief in a just world, hope and subjective well-being are positively correlated; (2) Just world belief mediates the relationship between social support and subjective well-being; (3) Hope plays a mediating role between social support and subjective well-being; (4) They play a chain mediating role between social support and subjective well-being. The study two found that: in the form of inter-group characteristics (cases) and intra-group characteristics(sample data)，the results of inter-group characteristics reflected the grouping of high and low social support. The results of intra-group characteristics mainly reflected the comprehensive support that schizophrenic caregivers had received，followed by the difficulties/burdens faced by schizophrenic caregivers，and the comprehensive needs of schizophrenic caregivers.
Conclusions: The social support of primary caregivers of schizophrenia can ultimately affect the subjective well-being of the group by influencing their belief and hope in a just world. The needs of the primary caregivers for schizophrenia include the need for medical and life support for the patient; The needs of primary caregivers of schizophrenia with low social support and high social support are different. The high support group is more inclined to emotional needs, while the low support group has medical, financial and other needs.
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