Prosocial behavior is not only the expression of personal morality, but also the cornerstone of harmonious social development. It is the care and support for people in the face of hardship and malicious bullying. Numerous studies have explored the influencing factors of prosocial behavior and found that both personal traits and environmental factors have an impact on individual prosocial behavior. Based on previous studies, this study selected individual empathy and bystander gender composition from trait factors and situational factors respectively to explore their effects on individual prosocial behavior.
In study 1，meta-analysis technology was used to explore the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior, and the influence of moderating variables on the relationship was determined, such as cultural background. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between empathy and prosocial behavior, which was influenced by sample characteristics and methodological factors.
Study 2 explores the influence of bystander gender composition and participants' own gender on individual prosocial behavior in typical social bullying situations through experimental methods. It is found that prosocial behavior is affected by participants' own gender, bystander's gender composition, and their interaction. The following conclusions can be drawn from the above two studies: (1) individual prosocial behavior is significantly positively correlated with empathy traits, cognitive empathy and affective empathy; (2) The relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior was moderated by cultural background, education level and empathy measurement tools; (3) In typical situations of violent bullying, there were differences in prosocial behavior among different gender situations of bystanders: women had the highest level of prosocial behavior in the all-female group and the lowest level in the all-male group, while there was no significant difference in male prosocial behavior in the four situations of gender composition of bystanders.
In conclusion, this study selects specific personal traits and situational factors through meta-analysis and experimental research to explore the relationship between them and individual prosocial behaviors. It proves the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior, especially the moderating effect of cultural background. The possible effects of bystander sex composition and participant sex on typical violent bullying situations are revealed. The results of this study deepen our understanding of the pre-influencing factors of individual prosocial behavior and help us understand the phenomenon of bystander prosocial behavior in reality.
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