| 其他摘要 | Evidence indicates that being bullied is a public health problem in various countries with a relatively high prevalence among school-aged adolescents. Being bullied could trigger a series of psychosomatic problems and mental health risks. Most existing studies have employed a variable-centered approach to study bullying victimization in China. This kind of approach focuses mainly on the mean level differences across victim students and usually ignores the variations in students' real experiences of victimization. In that case, a growing body of literature has applied person-centered approaches (e.g., cluster analysis, latent class analysis) to investigate victimization. Compared to variable-centered approaches, person-centered approaches are considered to provide more precise and abundant information to understand the complexity of students’ real experiences and the co-occurrence of different types of victimization. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, researchers emphasized that peer victimization should be considered as the consequence of the interplay between personal and ecological factors. Given the majority of studies conducted in China focus on individual context, family context, and school context, less is known about multiple systems' influence on bullying victimization.
To address these limitations, this study aimed to examine the patterns of bullying victimization by employing a person-centered approach in a nationwide adolescent sample and explore the correlation between peer victimization and relevant ecological factors.
Study I aimed to explore the potential patterns of bullying in schools and the differences in mental health between middle and high school students in China. Based on a nationally representative sample of 17916 middle and high school students, Latent class analyses were performed to explore the potential patterns of bullying victimization, and ANO VA tests were performed to compare the differences in mental health outcomes between latent classes. The results indicate: (1) Four different bullying victimization patterns were found in both the middle school group and the high school group. A verbal-relational-cyber victims pattern, a high-risk victims pattern, a non-cyber victims pattern, and a low-risk victims pattern were identified in middle school group. A verbal-rumor-cyber victims pattern, a high-risk victims pattern, a verbal-relational victims pattern, and a low-risk victims pattern were identified in high school group. (2) Middle school students were more likely to be involved in bullying victimization than high school students; (3) Significant differences in mental health outcomes were found among bullying victimization patterns. (4) Middle school students have a higher risk of mental health problems than their high school counterparts.
Study II aimed to explore the association between protective and risk factors and bullying victimization patterns. The sample was the same as the study one. Generalized linear mixed models were used to investigate whether individual, family, school, community, and regional factors could predict the classification of victimization patterns. The results indicate: (1) Different bullying victimization patterns were related to different socio-ecological factors; (2) Peer support, teacher support, core self-evaluation, and community safety could predict most of the bullying victimization patterns.
The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Bullying Victimization is prevalent in Chinese middle and high schools. In middle and high school, different patterns of bullying Victimization were found. Middle school students are at higher risk of bullying victimization. (2) Different patterns were associated with different degrees of risk of mental health problems. Middle school students are at higher risk of mental health problems. (3) This Study identified a series of individual factors, family factors, school factors, community factors, and regional factors contributing to the classification of bullying victimization patterns. Different bullying victimization patterns were related to different factors. |
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