其他摘要 | Abstract Occupational mental health is closely related to work and greatly affected by job characteristics. China has a large number of occupational population and a great variety of occupational types, rendering the mental health problems of the occupational population non-negligible. Job Demand-Resource Theory (JD-R) is a representative theory in the field of occupational mental health research, which over time complements itself by including the perspective of job characteristics. From the initial dual-process model of "job demands lead to health damage and job resources contribute to motivation", JD-R model gradually expanded to include individual resources and organizational resources. Domestic researchers have noticed the importance of this theory, but empirical studies focusing on specific occupation and specific population remain few. The study takes place amid the normalization of COVID epidemic in China, and investigates the impacts which typical job requirements and resources bring to a group of community worker, the influence of the validation of two basic assumptions "health impairment process" and the "buffer effect". This study is carried out in three stages. The first stage is qualitative research. Structured interviews are conducted with 40 community workers, and a thorough analysis of the literature was done. Job burnout is found to be the main mental health problem to the community workers. Role stress and work-family conflict are the main stressors, and psychological capital and person-post matching are important work resources. The second stage of the study is quantitative research. 335 community workers were finished the questionnaire. It was found that: (1) Role stress and work-family conflict were the main sources of stress experienced by community workers, resulting in job burnout, and family interference was a stronger predictor of job burnout. Role stress and job interference did not significantly predict work and life satisfaction. (2) Role stress has different effects on job burnout, role ambiguity has a significant positive effect on the three dimensions of job burnout, role overload has a significant positive effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but role conflict has no significant predictive effect. (3) family interference work has a significant positive predictive effect on the three dimensions of job burnout, and work interference family has a significant predictive effect on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. (4) Psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the influence of role stress on job burnout and work-family conflict on job burnout, but the effects of different dimensions are different. (5) Person-post matching significantly moderated the impact of family interference on job burnout. The third stage is intervention research. Group counseling was carried out for community workers, and the difference test was carried out for matched samples before and after counseling. After one session of group counseling focusing on psychological capital, under the condition of increasing job requirement score, the two dimensions of job burnout of emotional exhaustion and achievement reduce seemed to decrease, and the mean score of psychological capital in all dimensions mean seemed to increase. Although the effect is not significant, but the meaningful intervention had a positive effect. Under the normalization of the COVID-epidemic prevention and control, this study gives attention to the community workers in China, and discusses the process and mechanism by which job characteristics influence occupational health. Through qualitative research, quantitative research and intervention research, the study on a theoretical level verifies the "health impairment process" and the "buffer effect" in the JD-R model, and introduced “personnel-post matching” into the model. This study provides an empirical basis for maintaining the occupational mental health of community workers and improving the level of community governance, and has theoretical significance for the verification and expansion of job demand-resource model. Key words: job requirements-resource model,community staffs, role pressure,work burnout,group guidance |
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