其他摘要 | Intrinsic capacity refers to the sum of physical functions and mental abilities that a person can utilize at any given time, and is the core content of healthy aging. Changes in intrinsic capacity can reflect the aging progress of individuals, and the overall trend is downward and has large heterogeneity. The World Health Organization recommends that individuals adopt healthy lifestyles to maintain and improve their intrinsic capacity so that they can maintain a heap场state and enjoy life better. Currently, research on the relationship between lifestyle and intrinsic capacity is in its infancy. This study intends to explore the effects of lifestyle factors on the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults. Moreover, because it is difficult to implement on-site lifestyle interventions, this study intends to investigate the effects of lifestyle hypothetical interventions on the improvement of intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults.
The present study mainly focuses on popular lifestyle factors that are difficult to intervene in real life. Study 1 used 2011 baseline data from the cohort data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which is highly recognized internationally and has good data quality, to explore the relationship between lifestyle factors (smoking, social activities, physical activities, and Internet use) and the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults from a cross一sectional analysis perspective, and further explored the influence of gender and age on the relationship between the two fa tors. Study 2 applied the G-formula parametric model to conduct a hypothetical intervention study. Study 2 examined the effect of the lifestyle hypothetical intervention on the improvement of intrinsic capacity using 2011 data as the baseline and 2013 and 2015 data as two follow-ups.
The results of Study 1 showed that social activities, physical activity, and Internet use significantly and positively predicted intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults, and that there were no gender differences. Time-varying effect model analyses showed that the negative relationship between current smoking and intrinsic capacity was significant in older adults aged 71-79 years; the positive effect of interacting with friends was significant in individuals aged 48-64 years; the positive effect of playing mahjong or chess was significant in individuals aged 49一60 years; the positive effect of physical activities was significant in individuals aged 49一63 years; the positive effect of Internet use was significant in individuals aged 46一58 years and 83-91 years. The results of the hypothetical intervention analysis in Study 2 found that smoking cessation, active social activities (playing mahjong or chess, unpaid help activities), physical activity and Internet use significantly increased the intrinsic capacity of middle-aged and older adults. There were gender and age differences in the effects of the lifestyle interventions, smoking cessation and active participation in interacting with friend activities only improved men's intrinsic capacity. Smoking cessation, increased frequency of drinking, active participation in social activities and physical activity only improved the intrinsic capacity of individuals of 45一64 years. Compared with feasible interventions, higher intensity interventions lead to better improving results. Moreover, the combined intervention of all lifestyle factors could bring the best intervention effect, and the more intervention factors, the more obvious enhancement of the intrinsic capacity.
Overall, this study found that active lifestyles (smoking cessation, active social activities, physical activities and Internet use) could help middle-aged and older adults improve their intrinsic capacity, and there were gender and age differences in the improvement effects. The improvement of intrinsic capacity can not only improve the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults, promote the realization of healthy aging, but also can reduce the economic burden of the families and society. Compared with previous studies, this study extends the participants to middle-aged and older adults, focuses on lifestyle factors that are difficult to carry out on-site intervention, enriches the intervention studies in the field of intrinsic capacity, and extends the application area of the G-formula model, providing a solid evidence support for maintenance and improvement of intrinsic capacity in middle-aged and older adults. |
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