其他摘要 | Previous studies have found that the way of information presentation affects risk decision-making, leading to different estimates of the occurrence probability of low-probability events, and thus different results of risk decision-making behavior. Among them, the presentation mode of descriptive information refers to the explicit description of the probability and related cost information of the option for the subject, while the presentation mode of experience information refers to the non-explicit description of the probability and related cost information of the option for the subject. The subject needs to form personal experience information about the option after several experiences. Previous studies have mostly involved adults. Adolescence is a period of rapid physical and intellectual development, as well as a high incidence of risky behaviors. A small number of researchers seek ways to reduce adolescents' risky behaviors by exploring the influence of different information presentation on adolescents' risk decision-making, but the current research has the following problems: 1 .Since there are few studies involving adolescent subjects, whether the research conclusions on the influence of information presentation on risk decision-making are stable in age dimension is controversial. 2. Existing studies on risk decision-making by information presentation focus on individual decision-making scenarios, and most studies use income information, lacking behavior investigation under the condition of loss information, which affects the generalization of conclusions in different information titer and group decision-making scenarios; 3. Existing studies fail to consider the differences between adolescents and adults in emotional regulation, cognitive control and impulsivity when explaining the mechanism of influence of information presentation on adolescents' risk decision-making. As a result, relevant studies can explain the mechanism of influence of information presentation on adults, but cannot effectively explain the mechanism of influence of information presentation on adolescents' risk decision-making. In view of this, three studies were conducted to explore the effects and mechanisms of information presentation on individual and group risk decision-making among adolescents.
Three age groups (14 year old adolescent group, 16 year old adolescent group and 18 year old group) were selected as research subjects. In study 1,we first used network meta-analysis to preliminarily determine whether there were differences in the influence of information presentation style and other factors on individual and group decision-making. After initially determining the influence of information presentation style on individual and group decision making, in Study 2, we specifically explore the main effect of information presentation style on individual and group risk decision making of adolescents and adults (two-person group), as well as the common influence of information presentation style, information titer and other factors on individual and group risk decision making of adolescents and adults. On the basis of study 2, Study 3 attempts to explore the influence mechanism of information presentation style and various factors on adolescents' individual and group risk decision-making through SEM and machine learning. The results show that:
(1) The main effect of information presentation on individual and group risk decision-making is significant. The subjects presented with description information preferred risk more than those presented with experience information in both individual and group risk decisions. There was no significant difference in the impact of information presentation on adolescents in different age groups.
(2) The interaction between information presentation and information titer on individual risk decision-making was significant. Under titer acquisition, the individual risk preference of the subjects presented with description information was significantly higher than that of the subjects presented with experience information; under titer loss, the participate in description information show lower risk preference than participate in experience information, but the difference was not significant. The interaction between information presentation style and information titer on group risk decision is not significant. In addition, the influence of information presentation and information titer on adolescents in different age groups is insignificant.
(3) Impulsivity plays a partial mediating role in the influence of information presentation on adolescents' individual risk decision-making. Emotional regulation and impulsivity, cognitive control and impulsivity have significant moderating mediating effects on the influence of information presentation on adolescents' individual risk decision-making. Cognitive control and impulsivity have significant moderating mediating effect on the relationship between information presentation style and adolescents' group risk decision-making. However, impulsivity and emotion regulation have no significant mediating effect on the relationship between information presentation style and adolescents' group risk decision-making. In addition, hierarchical structural equation models by age group showed that information presentation had different mechanisms for individual and group risk decision making in different age groups.
In conclusion, this study has obtained new evidence about the impact of information presentation on adolescents' individual/group risk decision-making and preliminarily explored the mechanism of the impact of information presentation on adolescents' risk decision-making. This not only helps us better understand the mechanism of information presentation affecting adolescents' risk decision-making, but also provides theoretical support for establishing more accurate adolescent risk prediction models in the future and carrying out clinical intervention practice of adolescent adverse risk behaviors. |
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