| 其他摘要 | Historical psychology endeavors to elucidate and comprehend diverse facets of human history through the application of psychological methodologies. Historical events exert a profound influence on individuals and society, with historical figures assuming pivotal roles in these events. Scrutinizing the psychology of historical figures facilitates a more profound comprehension of the essence and significance inherent in historical events. The "Niu-Li Party Struggle" denotes the political rivalry that transpired between the Li Party, led by Li Deyu, and the Niu Party, headed by Niu Monk and Yu, during the latter half of the 9th century AD in the late Tang Dynasty. This prominent factional strife holds significant historical importance within the annals of Chinese feudal history. Chen Yinke highlighted in his Draft of Political History of the Tang Dynasty that this feud between the Niu-Li Parties originated during the reign of Emperor Xianzong and endured for nearly four decades until the era of Emperor Xuanzong, profoundly influencing Tang Dynasty politics and society. Existing scholarship offers varying perspectives on which party was progressive or regressive during this period, resulting in contradictions and discrepancies when evaluating both parties.Preliminary Translation: "The appraisal of the contributions rendered by the Niu and Li factions in history exhibits discrepancies and variations. This article, based on the aforementioned content, aims to delve into the comparative worth of their contributions to the social advancement of the late Tang Dynasty. By examining the psychological traits and behavioral transitions of pivotal figures from both factions, it seeks to clarify the debate between progress and regression, aiding readers in achieving a more objective understanding of these factions from a psychological standpoint. Furthermore, the intention is to enhance our comprehension of how the Niu-Li factional strife influenced the political landscape and political culture during the late Tang Dynasty in the realms of historical research and political science. Investigating and analyzing the psychological shifts of historical figures before and after momentous occurrences can contribute to explaining and comprehending their progression, as well as that of historical events."
In order to explore the contribution of the Niu and Li factions to the social development of the late Tang Dynasty, this paper employs the ancient CC-LIWC dictionary and utilizes big data analysis in classical Chinese to investigate the overall psychological development of Li Deyu and Niu Shengru, as well as the psychological characteristics of key figures from both parties. This study combines quantitative research with qualitative research through three analyses, examining the contribution value of these two factions to late Tang society, as well as comparing the self-narrative corpus of Li Deyu before, during, and after his tenure as prime minister, along with Niu Shengru's and Li Shengru's experiences from their official entry until the end of party struggle.
The primary objective of Research 1 is to investigate the psychological distinctions between the Niu and Li factions by meticulously examining a vast corpus of classical Chinese literature. This comprehensive analysis will contribute to understanding the contradictory assessments of these two parties throughout history, and will comparatively evaluate their respective contributions to the social development of the late Tang Dynasty from diverse perspectives. Furthermore, it will delve into the underlying reasons for the failure of the Li faction through a thorough psychological and semantic assessment. Research 2 is dedicated to examining the behavioral changes in Li Deyu before and after his appointment as prime minister. The study reveals that prior to his first term, Li Deyu held strong aspirations and expectations for his career, whereas during the prelude to his second term, he displayed a greater degree of negativity and melancholy, resorting to entertainment as a form of escapism. By contrasting these two periods, the research indicates that Li Deyu devoted more attention to his family during his first term in comparison to his second term. The sense of psychological disparity diminished during his second term, concurrent with a perceived increase in risks. Moreover, by comparing the instances of Li Deyu's dismissal from office, the study finds that after being dismissed for the second time, he exhibited greater anger and dissatisfaction, which helps to explain the inconsistencies in previous studies regarding his post-dismissal characteristics. Research 3 highlights that, despite perceiving higher risks, Li Deyu invested considerable energy into his work while maintaining a high level of enthusiasm. Conversely, Niu Sengru prioritized the pursuit of power.
To address the discrepancies in historical assessments of the Niu and Li factions and unravel their contributions to late Tang society, this study employs a data-driven analysis of classical Chinese texts to examine the overall psychological shifts and developments of Li Deyu and Niu Sengru. Through quantitative analysis, we aim to obtain insights into their psychological profiles during that time, which will contribute to a more objective evaluation of both parties and partially elucidate the reasons for the downfall of the Li faction from a psychological semantic perspective. |
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