| 其他摘要 | Children are facing puberty experience multiple physical, mental and emotional transitions. These transitions put pressure on children, leading to a variety of mental health problems. Recent surveys, both nationally and internationally, have shown that the mental health of adolescents is deteriorating. While research has focused on risk factors for mental health such as depression and problematic behaviours among adolescents, in recent years scholars have called for research and policy to focus on the predictors of students' mental health, and to take measures to enhance students' subjective well–being in order to curb the trend of worsening mental health problems among adolescents. Through the two perspectives of positive psychology and children,on the one hand, the study adhering to the concept of positive psychology advocating focusing on the positive power and accepting the beauty of human nature, selects the positive variables in the family environment and individual factors – parental emotional warmth, gratitude, emotion regulation. At the same time, taking the group of junior high school and high school students as the research object, and exploring the role of these positive variables on subjective well–being of adolescents. Based on the theory of bioecology, three different models and analytical strategies, namely structural equation modelling, hierarchical regression modelling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), were used to explore the mechanism of these positive variables on adolescents' subjective well–being.It also seeks effective ways to improve adolescents' subjective well–being in order to help them survive the adolescent mental health crisis.
Study 1 conducted a questionnaire survey of 876 adolescents in Jiangmen area, used SPSS for correlation analysis, and constructed a parallel mediation structural equation model using Mplus to conduct mediation effect tests and path comparisons . Study of the degree of correlation and the mechanism of action between variables through groupings, and the results showed that (1)Demographic control variable analyses showed that: students who served as class cadres at school had higher levels of gratitude; students who lived in the city were more able to use cognitive reappraisal strategies to regulate their emotions; and students who lived in the school had a greater ability to use cognitive reappraisal strategies to regulate their emotions than those who did not live in the school. (2)Correlation analyses showed that father's emotional warmth, mother's emotional warmth, gratitude, and cognitive reappraisal were significantly and positively correlated with life satisfaction, affective balance, and subjective well–being, while expression inhibition was negatively correlated with mother's emotional warmth, affective balance, and subjective well–being, positively correlated with cognitive reappraisal, and not correlated with father's emotional warmth, gratitude, and life satisfaction. (3)The mediation effect test showed that father's emotional warmth not only positively predicted adolescents' subjective well–being, but also partially mediated adolescents' subjective well–being through the cognitive reappraisal strategies of gratitude and emotion regulation, respectively. In contrast, maternal emotional warmth could only fully mediate adolescents' subjective well–being through the cognitive reappraisal strategies of gratitude and emotion regulation, respectively. (4)Comparative analysis of the mediating effects showed that the mediating effects of gratitude and cognitive reappraisal in the pathway of mother's emotional warmth in predicting adolescents' subjective well–being differed, and the mediating effect value of gratitude was significantly higher than that of cognitive reappraisal. (5)Analyses of differences in adolescent developmental stages showed that the direct effects of perceived father's emotional warmth and mother's emotional warmth on adolescents' predictions of subjective well–being differed significantly across adolescent developmental stages, with the direct effects being greater for high school students than for middle school students. In the indirect effects model of adolescents at different stages of development, middle school and high school students' perception of father's emotional warmth can either directly predict adolescents' subjective well–being or indirectly predict adolescents' subjective well–being through the mediating mechanism of gratitude. The perceived emotional warmth of mothers in middle school students could only indirectly predict adolescents' subjective well–being through the mediating mechanisms of gratitude and cognitive reappraisal. The direct and mediating effects of perceived mother's emotional warmth on adolescents' subjective well–being were not significant for high school students.
Study 2 conducted a questionnaire survey of 404 adolescents through questionnaire star using a convenience sampling method, and analysing the single contribution of the variables as well as the combined contribution of the synergistic effect of multiple variables by using both hierarchical regression and fsQCA methods. To address the shortcomings of Study 1, the sample was expanded and the three components of subjective well–being were studied separately. The results found that (1)The stratified regression model showed that all antecedent variables predicted adolescents' subjective well–being; the influences of the three indicators varied, the role of the father's emotional warmth is most pronounced.(2)Using the fsQCA method based on a group perspective, subjective well–being was found to be the result of a multifactorial approach. All three well–being indices (life satisfaction and positive and negative affect) could be explained by the same combination of variables: parental emotional warmth, gratitude, and cognitive reassessment. (3)The emotion regulation strategy of cognitive reappraisal may have a more positive effect on adolescents' subjective well–being than expressive inhibition; the combination of the expressive inhibition strategy with the other conditioning variables yielded different predictive results for subjective well–being. (4)Different predictive outcomes were observed for different developmental stages of adolescents and for different genders in combination with other conditioning variables.
CONCLUSION: The findings support several specific ways to enhance adolescents' subjective well–being. Parents should adopt an emotionally warm parenting style, which can enable adolescents to enhance their sense of well–being and survive the mental health crisis of adolescence by strengthening gratitude education and guiding them to use more cognitive reappraisal strategies. Fathers' emotional warmth is the best protective factor for subjective well–being, and fathers should be encouraged to actively participate in co–parenting with emotional warmth. |
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