| 摘要 | 随着经济发展和城镇化，环境污染问题日益严峻，对人类和其他生物的生存和发展构成了严重威胁，这一现象引起了社会各界人士广泛关注。如何有效解决环境污染问题，促进可持续发展，一直是全球很多国家政府关心的热点问题。环境问题与人的行为密切相关，个体实施保护环境或减少伤害环境的行为，即亲环境行为对可持续发展尤其重要。因此从个人层面探索亲环境行为影响机 制，进而有效促进公众环保行为，是当前环境科学领域的重要课题。尽管环境 知识是影响亲环境行为关键变量，但知识是否会改变态度和行为仍存争议。为 澄清该争议，我们探讨风险感知和自然联结这两个变量，考察环境知识能否影 响亲环境行为及如何影响的作用机制。
风险感知是人们对外界不确定性事件及信息的处理过程中产生的认知行为，感知环境风险引起了人们担忧环境问题，该担忧会反过来规范个人行为，为可持续发展采取积极行动。自然联结揭示了人与自然情感联系。很多研究揭示，风险感知和自然联结是有效预测亲环境行为的两个因素。鉴于此，我们通过两个研究检验该假设，即风险感知和自然联结可能在环境知识和亲环境行为关系中发挥关键作用。
研究一考察环境知识、风险感知、自然联结对亲环境行为影响，揭示了风险感知、自然联结在环境知识与亲环境行为之间的中介效应。本研究基于知识
态度-实践理论(Knowledge-Attitude-Practice, KAP)和保护动机理论(Protection Motivation Theory, PMT)，探讨如何通过环境知识、风险感知助推个体亲环境行 为。研究一问卷调查了 554 位高校学生(19.45±1.24 岁, 56.5%男性)的亲环境行为及其影响因素。结果表明，环境知识同大学生的公领域亲环境行为和私领域亲环境行为均显著正相关，且环境知识可预测亲环境行为。风险感知在环境知识与公/私领域亲环境行为中起完全中介作用，但自然联结单独中介作用不显著。风险感知和自然联结在环境知识与公私两个领域的亲环境行为关系中起链式中介作用。
研究二进一步选取社会成人群体，验证风险感知对亲环境行为的重要影响。基于保护动机理论(Protection Motivation Theory, PMT)，研究二调查 338 名社会 成年被试（37.14±11.48 岁, 74.3%女性）的风险感知、自然联结和亲环境行为。结果类似研究一，风险感知显著直接影响亲环境行为，自然联结在风险感知与亲环境行为之间起部分中介作用。
本文在知识-态度-实践理论模型基础上引入风险感知和自然联结两个新变量，验证环境知识通过风险感知影响亲环境行为。本研究扩展了环境知识和风险感知相关研究，为验证 KAP 和 PMT 理论增加了新证据。本研究成果为政策 制定者提供建议，可要求学校增设环境教育课程，增加学生环境知识，提高学生环境风险感知。政府和媒体等公信力主体应披露本地环境风险指标和环境问题，引导社会公众特别是成人群体知晓环境问题严峻性，从而促使人们实施亲环境行为，促进可持续发展。 |
| 其他摘要 | With economic development and urbanization, the issue of environmental pollution has become increasingly severe, posing a significant threat to the survival and development of humans and other creatures. This phenomenon has attracted widespread attention from society. It is essential to effectively address environmental pollution and promote sustainable development. This has been a hot topic for many governments around the world. The generation of environmental problems is closely related to human behavior. Pro-environmental behaviors, which refers to individual actions to protect the environment or reduce harm to the environment, are particularly important for sustainable development. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms of promoting pro-environmental behavior at the individual level and effectively promoting public environmental behavior is an important issue in the field of environmental science. Although environmental knowledge is a key factor influencing pro-environmental behavior, it is still inconsistent whether knowledge can lead to changes in attitudes and behaviors. To clarify this controversy, we explore risk perception and nature connectedness to examine the impact of environmental knowledge on pro-environmental behavior and the underlying mechanisms.
Risk perception is a cognitive behavior that individuals generate during the process of dealing with uncertain events and information from the external environment. Perceiving environmental risks triggers people’s concerns about environmental issues, which in turn regulate individual behavior and lead to proactive actions for sustainable development. Nature connectedness reveals the emotional connection between humans and nature. Many studies have shown that risk perception and nature connectedness are two factors that effectively predict pro-environmental behavior. Based on this, we hypothesize that risk perception and nature connectedness may play a critical role in the relationship between environmental knowledge and proenvironmental behavior, which will be tested through two studies.
Study 1 examined the effects of environmental knowledge, risk perception, and nature connectedness on pro-environmental behavior, and explored the mediating effects of risk perception and nature connectedness in the relationship between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior. Based on the Knowledge Attitude-Practice (KAP) theory and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), this study explored how environmental knowledge and risk perception can promote proenvironmental behavior at the individual level. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 554 college students (19.45±1.24 years, 56.5% male) to investigate their proenvironmental behavior and its influencing factors. The results show that environmental knowledge is positively correlated with both public and private proenvironmental behavior among college students, and environmental knowledge can predict pro-environmental behavior. Risk perception plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between environmental knowledge and public/private proenvironmental behavior, while the mediating role of nature connectedness alone is not significant. Risk perception and nature connectedness play a chained mediating role in the relationship between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior in both public and private domains.
Study 2 further selected the social adult population to verify the important impact of risk perception on pro-environmental behavior. This study is expected to demonstrate more clearly the importance of risk perception in pro-environmental behavior. Based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), Study 2 was conducted on the risk perception, natural connectedness, and pro-environmental behavior of 338 adult participants (37.14 ± 11.48 years, 74.3% female). The result is similar to that of Study 1. Risk perception significantly directly affects pro-environmental behavior, and natural connectedness play a partial mediating role between risk perception and pro-environmental behavior.
This study introduces key roles of risk perception and nature in the influence of environmental knowledge on pro-environmental behavior, based on the Knowledge Attitude-Practice (KAP) model. This research expands the existing literature on environmental knowledge and risk perception, providing new evidence for the KAP and PMT theories. The study suggests that policymakers can require schools to offer environmental education courses to improve students’ environmental knowledge and enhance their risk perception. The government and media, as well as other credible entities, should disclose local environmental risk indicators and environmental issues, guiding the public, especially adults, to recognize the severity of environmental problems and promote pro-environmental behavior for sustainable development. |
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