| 其他摘要 | Background: Subjective well-being (SWB), as a comprehensive indicator to measure mental health, has been widely used in mental health research of older adults. The influencing factors of subjective well-being are complex, and the intervention is difficult to implement. Social support is a protective factor of subjective well-being that has been proved by many practices, especially social support from spouses. Dealing with the problems between elderly couples and promoting the overall subjective well-being by improving marital satisfaction seems to be an important means to improve the happiness of the elderly. As an important happiness and intervention research theory, self-determination theory conforms to the core requirements of "healthy aging", emphasizing the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relationship. The relationship needs of elderly couples are also in line with the relationship needs of significant others. Self-determination theory has been used in various fields, because good intervention effects have been paid attention to by domestic and foreign researchers. There is a good theoretical and practical research basis for formulating intervention programs based on this theory.
Objectives: (1) Study I and Study II explore the underlying mechanisms among basic psychological needs, marital satisfaction and subjective well-being. (2) On the basis of the above research, an elderly husband and wife interaction intervention program based on self-determination theory was formed to improve marital satisfaction and subjective well-being through intervention, and its intervention effect was verified.
Methods: This study adopted a progressive exploration. (1) Study I was a cross-sectional study.We used multilevel linear growth model to analysis The China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database to prove the impact of marital satisfaction on subjective well-being and the importance of marital relationship. (2) Study II was a cross-sectional study, using the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH), Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale(BPNS) and compiled the marital quality questionnaire by Norton(1983) to collect and analyze the basic psychological needs, subjective well-being and marital satisfaction of 985 elderly people, and confirmed the mediating effect of marital satisfaction. (3) Study III was a quasi-experimental study, in which the couples interaction program was developed through literature review and classification of self-determined intervention techniques (MBCTs), and the intervention effect was verified by Generalized Estimated Equation (GEE).
Results: (1) Study I found that the spouse was an important social relationship for the elderly, and the elderly who lived only with their spouse had the highest well-being; The variable of marital relationship explained 8.49% of the variance of subjective well-being among individuals, and marital satisfaction predicted subjective well-being from both horizontal (β=0.22, pβ=0.21, pCohen's d=0.39, p < 0.001; Ability mean difference =0.77, Cohen's d=0.28, p < 0.001; Relationship mean difference =1.24, Cohen's d=0.51, p < 0.001), increased marital satisfaction (mean difference =1.33, Cohen's d=0.15, p < 0.001), and increased subjective well-being positive factor (mean difference =1.97, Cohen's d=0.38, p < 0.001),reduced the negative factor (mean difference =-1.15, Cohen's d=0.33, p < 0.001), and were significant at follow-up. Moreover, the intervention results were caused by the enhancement of the basic psychological need structure.
Conclusions: Improving marital satisfaction is an effective way to improve the subjective well-being of the elderly. The intervention program in this study is effective and suitable for the daily intervention of the elderly. |
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