| 其他摘要 | Mindset is a belief about whether intelligence can be developed. People who believe that intelligence can be developed are considered to have a growth mindset, while those who believe that intelligence is innate and cannot be developed are considered to have a fixed mindset. Growth mindset plays a positive role in children’s achievement motivation, academic performance and mental health. Researchers have been interested in exploring the development reasons and influencing factors of growth mindset. Parents, as children’s first teachers, have a profound impact on children’s development. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the relationship between parents’ mindset and children’s mindset. However, previous studies have mostly relied on a single data source, and few studies have used mother-child paired data. Today, as the role of fathers is increasingly valued, it is particularly important to explore the relationship between the mindset of fathers, mothers, and children. This study drew on previous research results to explore the intergenerational transmission effect of growth mindset through the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.
This study was divided into two parts. In study 1, a qualitative research design was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 8 families (including 8 fathers, 8 mothers and 8 children), to understand the mindset of parents and children, and the relationship between parents’ and children’s mindset. In study 2, a quantitative research design was used and the data of 418 children and their parents (fathers and mothers) were collected via questionnaire survey. The mindset questionnaire and the parent involvement questionnaire were used as research tools. Paired sample t-test, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to examine the significant difference between or among different groups. And then AMOS was used to build a model to explore the intergenerational transmission mechanism of growth mindset, and test the mediating role of parent involvement in the intergenerational transmission, while Bootstrap method was used for the mediation analysis. The ActorPartner Interdependence model (APIM) was used to explore the subjective and objective effects of parental growth mindset and parent involvement.
The results of this study were as follows:
The results of the qualitative study: Six of the eight groups families had at least one parent with a growth mindset, and in those six groups, their children had a growth mindset; In the remaining two groups of families, both parents had a fixed mindset, and the children in one group of families had a growth mindset and the other one had a fixed mindset. There was a strong connection between parents’ mindset and children’s mindset. The following three core categories emerged from the interview data on growth mindset: the current status of growth mindset, influencing factors (sources), and impacts. On this basis, a preliminary theory of intergenerational transmission of growth mindset was formed: Parents form their mindset through external and internal factors, and their behaviors, attitudes, and emotions were influenced by their mindset. For example, parents had a growth mindset tend to adopt more positive behaviors such as encouragement, analysis, and planning for children during the parenting process; While parents had a fixed mindset tend to adopt more negative behaviors such as control and withdrawal during the parenting process. Parents’ mindset not only directly affects children's mindset through language, but also indirectly affects children's mindset through parental behavior affecting children's motivation and emotion.
The results of the quantitative research: (1) The result of correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between parents’ growth mindset and children’s growth mindset. Parents’ growth mindset was positively correlated with each dimension of Parents involvement, and each dimension of parents involvement was positively correlated with children’s growth mindset. Fathers’ growth mindset was positively correlated with the three dimensions of mother involvement (encouragement and praise, support and planning, daily care). Mothers’ growth mindset was positively correlated with all dimensions of father involvement. (2) Structural Equation Model showed that both fathers’ growth mindset and mothers’ growth mindset could influence children’s growth mindset, and the intergenerational transmission effect could be realized through the mediating effect of mother involvement. (3) Test the actor–partner interdependence model showed that there was a significant actor and partner effect between parents’ growth mindset and parent involvement, and the couple pattern for fathers, the actor-only pattern for mothers.
Conclusion: The intergenerational transmission effect of growth mindset could be realized. Mothers’ growth mindset could not only influence children’s growth mindset directly, but also do so through mother involvement. The fathers’ growth mindset could affect children’s growth mindset directly. The results of the standard APIM revealed the couple pattern for fathers, the actor-only pattern for mothers. |
修改评论