| 其他摘要 | Involution and lying flat, implying two different social phenomena, have gained widespread attention and discussion in Chinese society in recent years. Public opinion and academia tend to believe that both phenomena are harmful to the society and individuals, and resolution need to be sought. It is also believed that involution is one of the major causes that lead to lying flat. This paper is consisted of one pre-study and three studies, which were planned and executed from social psychology perspective, in the methods of interview and survey. The studies explored the impact of Involution involvement on lying flat behavior, revealed the mediation of learned helplessness and the moderation of social justice perception and sense of gain.
The preliminary study clarified the concepts of involution and lying flat, the reasons for their occurrence, and their possible outcomes through semi-structured indepth interviews with 21 respondents, providing a foundation and direct support for subsequent studies.
Study 1 adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey on 882 participants, examining the relationship between Involution involvement and lying flat behavior as well as the mediating effect of learned helplessness. The results showed that: (1) The total effect of Involution involvement on lying flat behavior was significant and negative; (2) The indirect effect between Involution involvement and lying flat behavior through the mediation of learned helplessness was significant and positive.
Study 2 adopted longitudinal surveys to examine the possible directional interaction effects of Involution involvement, learned helplessness and lying flat behavior, and further separate the within-subject effects from between-subject effects from the results of Study 1. In practice, Study 2 conducted a three-round survey on the 882 participants in Study 1 within two months, and finally received a total of 456 qualified participants in all three rounds. Cross-lagged panel model results showed that: (1) Learned helplessness at the previous time point positively predicted the lying flat behavior at the subsequent time point; (2) The total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect through learned helplessness of Involution involvement on lying flat behavior were not significant. Random intercepts cross-lagged panel model results showed on within-subject level that: (1) Learned helplessness at the previous time point positively predicted the lying flat behavior at the subsequent time point; (2) The total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect through learned helplessness of Involution involvement on lying flat behavior were not significant.
The inconsistencies between results of Study 1 and Study 2 could be due to the different nature between cross-sectional design and longitudinal design. Moreover, it might be also due to boundary conditions existing in the impact between Involution involvement and lying flat behavior. Therefore, Study 3 adopted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey on 255 participants, further examining the moderating effects of social justice perception and sense of gain on the mediation model of Involution involvement impacting lying flat behavior through learned helplessness. The results showed that: (1) Social justice perception had a moderating effect on the path of learned helplessness affecting lying flat behavior. The higher the social justice perception, the stronger the positive correlation between learned helplessness and lying flat behavior. (2) The indirect path from Involution involvement to lying flat behavior through learned helplessness was moderated by social justice perception. The higher the social justice perception, the stronger the positive indirect effect. (3) Sense of gain had a moderating effect on the path of learned helplessness affecting lying flat behavior. The lower the sense of gain, the stronger the positive correlation between learned helplessness and lying flat behavior. (4) The indirect path from Involution involvement to lying flat behavior through learned helplessness was moderated by sense of gain. The lower the sense of gain, the stronger the positive indirect effect.
In conclusion, this paper deeply explored the relationship between Involution involvement and lying flat behavior, the mediating role of learned helplessness, and the moderating effects of social justice perception and sense of gain. It provided a new perspective to understand the two social phenomena and their underlying psychological mechanisms, provided implications to impact the involution environment and to alleviate the lying flat behavior from social governance point of view. |
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