中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

应激源是应激研究的重要内容，也是过去研究中较为忽视的问题。本研究在对过去文献中有关应激源的分类、内容及其与其它应激因素的关系的部分进行了分析之后，确定了把应激源和缓冲因素的因素结构作为本研究的主要内容，同时探讨了它们的组成因素之间的关系。

本研究首先建构了大学生应激源问卷。然后，使用大学生应激源问卷和大学生应激缓冲因素问卷对252名中国大学生和207名美国大学生进行施测。进行跨文化比较研究，得到了以下结论：

一、信度和效度检验的结果表明：两个问卷在不同样本和总样本中均得到了较好的信度和效度结果。

二、因素分析结果表明，大学生应激源由三个因素组成，分别命名为：生存焦虑、社交恐惧和角色紧张。大学生应激缓冲因素由两个因素组成，分别为：社会支持和自我效能。相关分析发现，多数因素之间存在着显著的相关关系。回归分析发现，角色紧张、社交紧张、社会支持和自我效能在一定程度上能够预测生存焦虑。

三、中国大学生和美国大学生在应激源和缓冲因素的多数项目上存在着显著差异。

Questionnaire of Stressors, which was constructed earlier, and Resilience Factor Scale were applied on 252 Chinese University students and 207 American University students. Reliability and validity tests were applied on the data. Results are as following:

1. Cronbach α coefficient of both scales were tested and showed good results. Construction validity of them was also tested by applying Factor Analysis on the data. The results are good.

2. Stressors of University students consist of three factors, named Survival Anxiety, Social Anxiety, and Role Stress. Resilience Factors consist of Social Support and Self-Efficacy. They affected each other. Significant correlation was found among those five factors.

3. Significant differences were found between Chinese sample and American sample in the scores of most items of the two scales.