社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

伴随21世纪经济和社会的快速发展，国家对未来人才的要求更加全面化。社会情感能力的培养已成为人们追求全面发展的核心要素，并得到学术界，尤其是教育学和心理学界的广泛关注。为了深入理解这一议题，本论文聚焦于家庭教育在促进儿童社会情感能力发展中所起的潜在的关键作用。在我国，《家庭教育促进法》的颁布进一步明确了家庭教育在儿童成长过程中的关键作用，尤其强调了父母对儿童社会情感能力发展的深远影响。在此基础上，论文深入探索了父母社会情感能力与儿童社会情感能力之间的关系及其内在机制。本论文运用两轮自采数据，并通过两项研究，检验了社会情感能力量表在成年人中的适用性和信效度， 基于此进一步考察了父母与儿童社会情感能力的关联及其机制。

研究一 目的：检验社会情感能力量表在我国成年人群体中的信效度和适用性。方法：采用线上问卷调查平台对1321名25岁以上成年人进行施测，2周后对其中74人完成重测。结果显示：（1）项目分析显示量表具有较好的区分度。（2）探索性因子分析显示，包含23个条目的修订后量表符合六因素模型，具有良好的结构效度；其验证性因子分析显示，六因素模型具有良好的拟合度。（3）修订后的量表展现出较高的信度，内部一致性系数Cronbach’s α = 0.93，分半信度为 0.85，两周后的重测信度为0.83。（4）修订后量表具备跨性别和跨年龄的等值性，这意味着，运用该量表可以进行社会情感能力的跨性别和年龄的比较。（5）社 会情感能力在不同年龄、受教育程度、收入、婚姻、居住及身体状况方面表现出显著的个体差异。（6）社会情感能力与孤独感、主观幸福感、基本心理需求满足等心理健康等指标存在不同程度的显著相关。

研究二 目的：探讨父母和儿童社会情感能力的关系及其内在机制。具体考察：父母社会情感能力对儿童社会情感能力的影响；开放性亲子沟通对上述关系的中介作用；以及家庭氛围的调节作用。方法：对连云港市G县某小学中三至六年级的523名小学生及其父母进行了调查，采用的调查工具包括成年人社会情感能力量表、学生社会情感能力量表、开放性亲子沟通量表以及家庭氛围问卷。数据处理阶段，进行了严格的共同方法偏差检验、描述统计和相关性分析。同时检验中介效应和调节效应是否存在。结果显示：（1）父母社会情感能力与儿童社会情感能力呈显著正相关，即父母的社会情感能力越高，则儿童的社会情感能力 越高。（2）开放性亲子沟通完全中介了父母社会情感能力与儿童社会情感能力的关系，其相对中介效应占比65.76%。（3）家庭氛围正向调节了父母社会情感能力对儿童社会情感能力的影响，并显著负向调节了“父母社会情感能力-开放性亲子沟通-儿童社会情感能力”这一中介效应的前半段路径。即在温馨的家庭氛围条件下，儿童社会情感能力随着父母社会情感能力的提高而增强；当家庭氛 围不太温馨时，随着父母社会情感能力的提升，开放性亲子沟通得以增强，进而促进儿童社会情感能力的发展。

研究结论：

修订后的成年人社会情感能力量表具有良好的信效度、等值性等心理测量学特征，适用于我国成年群体。

父母社会情感能力显著正向预测了儿童社会情感能力；开放性亲子沟通在父母社会情感能力和儿童社会情感能力之间起完全中介作用；家庭氛围在一定程度上调节了上述关系，良好的家庭氛围有助于父母社会情感能力发挥更积极地作用。

本论文总体上证明了父母社会情感能力与儿童社会情感能力之间的关联，加深了对儿童社会情感能力发展机制的认识。同时，研究揭示了开放性亲子沟通及家庭氛围在其中的作用，为家庭教育实践提供了具体指导和建议。此外，修订后的社会情感能力量表能全面、准确地反映我国成年人群体的社会情感能力，具备较好的信度和效度，符合心理测量学要求，可作为评估我国成年人社会情感能力的有效工具。

With the rapid economic and social development in the 21st century, the country's requirements for future talents are more comprehensive. The cultivation of social emotional competence has become the core element of people's pursuit of all-round development, and has been widely concerned by the academic circles, especially the education and psychology circles. In order to gain a deeper understanding of this issue, this paper focuses on the potentially critical role that family education plays in promoting the development of children's social emotional competence. In China, the promulgation of the Family Education Promotion Law has further clarified the key role of family education in the process of children's growth, especially emphasizing the profound influence of parents on the development of children's social emotional competence. On this basis, the paper explores the relationship between parents' social emotional competence and children's social emotional competence and its internal mechanism. In this paper, two rounds of self-collected data and two studies were used to test the applicability and reliability of the social emotional competence scale in adults, and based on this, the correlation and mechanism between parents and children's social emotional competence were further investigated.

Study I Purpose: To test the reliability, validity and applicability of the Social Emotional Competence Scale in Chinese adult population. Methods: 1321 adults over 25 years old were tested by online questionnaire survey platform, and 74 of them were retested 2 weeks later. Results: (1) Item analysis showed that the scale had a good differentiation degree. (2) Exploratory factor analysis showed that the revised scale containing 23 items was consistent with the six-factor model and had good structural validity. The confirmatory factor analysis shows that the six-factor model has a good fit. (3) The revised scale showed high reliability, with the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach's α = 0.93, the half-point reliability was 0.85, and the retest reliability after two weeks was 0.83. (4) The revised scale has cross-gender and cross-age equivalence, which means that the scale can be used to compare cross-gender and age-based social emotional competence. (5) Social emotional competence showed significant individual differences in different age, education level, income, marital status, living status and physical status. (6) Social emotional competence was significantly correlated with loneliness, subjective well-being, basic psychological needs satisfaction and other mental health indicators to varying degrees.

Study II Purpose: To explore the relationship between parents' and children's social emotional competence and its internal mechanism. Specific investigation: the influence of parents' social emotional competence on children's social emotional competence; The mediating effect of open parent-child communication on the above relationship; And the moderating effect of family atmosphere. Methods: 523 students and their parents from grade 3 to 6 in a primary school in G County of Lianyungang City were investigated. The survey tools included adult social emotional competence scale, student social emotional competence scale, open parent-child communication scale and family atmosphere questionnaire. In the data processing stage, strict common method bias test, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis are carried out. At the same time, the mediating effect and the regulating effect are tested. Results: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between parents' social emotional competence and children's social emotional competence, that is, the higher the parents' social emotional competence, the higher the children's social emotional competence. (2) Open parent-child communication completely mediates the relationship between parents' social emotional competence and children's social emotional competence, and its relative mediating effect accounts for 65.76%. (3) Family atmosphere positively moderates the influence of parents' social emotional competence on children's social emotional competence, and significantly negatively moderates the first half of the mediating effect of "parents' social emotional competence - open parent-child communication - children's social emotional competence". In a warm family environment, children's social emotional competence is enhanced with the improvement of parents' social emotional competence. In a less warm family environment, with the improvement of parents' social emotional competence, open parent-child communication can be enhanced, thereby promoting the development of children's social emotional competence.

Research conclusion:

First, The revised adult social emotional competence scale has good psychometric characteristics such as reliability, validity and equivalence, and is suitable for adult groups in China.

Second, Parents' social affective ability positively predicted children's social affective ability; Open parent-child communication plays a complete mediating role between parents' social emotional competence and children's social emotional competence. Family atmosphere moderates the above relationship to a certain extent, and a good family atmosphere helps parents to play a more active role in social emotional competence.

This paper has proved the relationship between parents' social emotional competence and children's social emotional competence, and deepened the understanding of the mechanism of children's social emotional competence development. At the same time, the study reveals the role of open parent-child communication and family atmosphere, and provides specific guidance and suggestions for family education practice. In addition, the revised social emotional competence scale can fully and accurately reflect the social emotional competence of Chinese adults, has good reliability and validity, meets the requirements of psychometrics, and can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the social emotional competence of Chinese adults.