健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

儿童的情绪和行为能力在幼儿期就已经开始发展。儿童早期的愤怒攻击和焦虑退缩对儿童发展产生不良后果且受到多种因素的影响。以往研究大多关注亲子关系和父母养育行为对幼儿的愤怒攻击和焦虑退缩的影响。本研究主要考察父母养育压力对幼儿愤怒攻击和焦虑退缩的影响及其作用机制。

研究目的：探究父母养育压力、父母养育效能和幼儿愤怒攻击与焦虑退缩的关系以及行为抑制的调节作用。

研究方法：本研究于2023年4月采用方便取样从湖南、江西、海南五所幼儿园和亲子园 525 名 2-5 岁幼儿的父母。通过母亲作答儿童社会和行为评定量表，测量幼儿的愤怒攻击和焦虑退缩，幼儿行为抑制问卷简表测量幼儿的行为抑制水平，父亲和母亲分别作答父母养育压力量表测评父母养育压力，父母养育效能量表测量父母养育效能。

研究结果：

（1）父/母养育压力和幼儿愤怒攻击与焦虑退缩显著正相关。

（2）母亲养育压力与父亲养育压力均负向预测母亲养育效能和父亲养育效能，但母亲养育效能为对偶模式，父亲养育效能为混合模式。

（3）中介效应检验表明，母亲养育效能在父亲/母亲养育压力与幼儿愤怒攻击/焦虑退缩相关中起部分中介作用；父亲养育效能在父亲/母亲养育压力与幼儿愤怒攻击/焦虑退缩的相关中起部分中介作用。

（4）有调节的中介结果表明，幼儿行为抑制调节养育效能与幼儿愤怒攻击/焦虑退缩的关系，即在高行为抑制幼儿组，父母养育效能和幼儿愤怒攻击与焦虑退缩的相关性更强。

研究结论：

1) 父母养育压力与幼儿愤怒攻击及焦虑退缩相关。

2) 父亲与母亲的养育压力通过减弱自身与伴侣的养育效能增加幼儿的愤怒攻击及焦虑退缩。

3) 幼儿行为抑制调节了父母养育效能与幼儿愤怒攻击及焦虑退缩的相关。

Children 's emotional and behavioral abilities have begun to develop in early childhood. Anger-attacks and anxiety-withdrawal in early childhood have adverse consequences on children 's development and are affected by many factors. Previous studies have mostly focused on the impact of parent-child relationship and parental rearing behavior on children 's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal. This study mainly investigates the influence of parental parenting stress on children 's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal and its underlying mechanism.

Objective:

In order to explore the influence of parenting stress on children 's anger-aggression and anxiety-withdrawal, as well as the mediating role of parenting efficacy and moderating role of children’s behavioral inhibition. Methods: In this study, parents of 525 children aged 2-5 years old from five kindergartens and parent-child parks in Hunan, Jiangxi and Hainan were selected by convenient sampling in April 2023. The Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale-30 ( SCBE-30 ) was used to measure children 's anger-aggression and anxiety-withdrawal, and the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire-Short Form ( BIQ-SF ) was used to measure children 's behavioral inhibition. The parental stress scale ( PSS ) and the parenting self-regulation scale were used to measure parenting stress and parenting efficacy respectively.

Result：

( 1 ) Father / mother parenting stress was significantly positively correlated with children 's anger-attack and anxiety- withdrawal.

( 2 ) Maternal parenting stress and father’s parenting stress negatively predicted maternal parenting efficacy and paternal parenting efficacy, but maternal parenting efficacy was dual mode and paternal parenting efficacy was mixed mode.

( 3 ) The mediating effect test showed that maternal parenting efficacy played a partial mediating role in the relationship between father / mother parenting stress and children 's anger-attack / anxiety-withdrawal. Father 's parenting efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the correlation between father / mother 's parenting stress and children 's anger-attack / anxiety-withdrawal.

( 4 ) The results of moderated mediation showed that children 's behavioral inhibition moderated the relationship between parenting efficacy and children 's anger- aggression / anxiety-withdrawal.

Conclusion:

1) Parenting stress is correlated with children 's anger-attack and anxietywithdrawal.

2) Father and mother 's parenting stress increases children 's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal partly by weakening the parenting efficacy of themselves and their partners.

3) Children 's behavioral inhibition moderates the relationship between parenting efficacy and children 's anger-attack and anxiety-withdrawal.