工作群体有效性评价及群体工作设计

PSYCH OpenIR > 中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)

	工作群体有效性评价及群体工作设计
	王兵
	1998
摘要	本文在广泛的文献调研和现实背景分析的基础上探讨工作群体有效性评价与群体工作设计问题。整体研究主要由四部分组成：1。工作群体有效性评价：即寻找可以描述、分析群体工作行为有效性的指标，探讨中国被试对有效性的评价维度；2。群体工作特征与有效性的关系研究：研究群体工作特征与有效性的一般相关关系，并试图寻找最主要的核心变量；3。“传统型/自主型“ 群体工作方式的偏好实验：进行不同群体工作方式的偏好研究；4。群体构成与群体有效性关系的模拟实验：研究群体水平上的不同人员挑选方式对于群体工作结果的影响。研究结果表明：(1)中国被试对于群体有效性的评价存在着两个最基本的维度：即绩效有效性与雇员对群体的态度与情感，因而，我们可以用这两个维度及相应的测量指标作为有效性评价的标准；(2)根据相关研究文献分析，可以从五个方面来确立工作群体特征：工作设计，成员的相互依赖性，群体构成，组织背景，群体活动过程；(3)实验研究发现不同的群体工作特征与有效性的不同评价指标之间有着不同的关系模式。其中，工作设计、群体成员的相互依赖性、群体构成三类特征同有效性的两类测量指票之间都有着较显著的相关关系；组织背景特征主要同满意感指标有关；群体过程特征主要同绩效指标有关；(4)在情景模拟条件下，人们对群体工作方式的选择表现出一致性，即偏好“自主性工作群体“；但不同群体成员的偏好度存在着差异，其中最主要的一个特征维度来自小组成员和小组领导者的差别。(5)以人际吸引方法挑选成员的群体要比以能力为基础组成的群体产生较高水平的沟通，协作，群体凝聚力和工作满意感，但在两种情况下的绩效评定没有差别。论文对研究结果进行了进一步的分析和讨论，并指出了需要进一步探讨的问题及未来可能的研究方向。本研究对于群体水平的绩效评价和奖酬设计，群体工作设计的内容与方法，以及群体的人员挑选等方面具有一定的参考价值。
其他摘要	This thesis study the problem of work group effectiveness and group job design according to extensive literature investigation and the analysis of realistic background. The whole research consists of four parts: (1) The evaluation of work group effectiveness, the aim is to search to criteria that can describe and analysis work group, and explore the cognitive dimensions of effectiveness of Chinese subjects; (2) The study on the relationship between group job characteristic and effectiveness, the aim is to find the general correlation between work group characteristic and effectiveness, and try to search the most important core variable; (3) The study on the preference for the way of group work; (4) The study of the relationship between group composition and group effectiveness, try to examine how different approaches of personnel selection influence work results. The results indicate: (1) The evaluation of group effectiveness mainly consists of two dimensions: performance and the employee's attitude and feelings toward the group, so we can use these two dimensions and corresponding criteria as the standard of effectiveness evaluation. (2) According to the analysis of related literature, we can determine work group characteristic from five aspects: job design, the interdependence among members, group composition, organizational background, group process. (3) Experimental study find that different group job characteristics have different relationship models with effectiveness criteria. Job design, the interdependence among group members, group composition have significant correlation relationships with two kinds of effectiveness criteria; organizational background mainly has relationships with satisfaction criteria; group process mainly has relationships with performance criteria. (4) The choice for people to select the way of group work has the consistency, that is people prefer to "Self--managed work groups"; but different groups have the difference, the main group dimension is the difference between group members and group leaders. (5) Work groups which were composed accordingly to interpersonal attraction have higher levels of communication, coordination, group cohesion and job satisfaction than ability--based groups based. But the performance evaluation under these two conditions has no difference. The thesis analysis and discuss the research results, also point out several questions that needed to be explored further and the possible research directions in the future. This study has some reference value in group--level performance appraisal and reward design, the content and method of group--level job design, and personnel selection of group, etc.
关键词	工作群体有效性评价群体工作设计自主性工作群体群体构成情景模拟群体工作特征群体活动干预
学位类型	博士
语种	中文
学位专业	工业心理学
学位授予单位	中国科学院心理研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院心理研究所
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/4834
专题	中国科学院心理研究所回溯数据库(1956-2010)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王兵. 工作群体有效性评价及群体工作设计[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所,1998.

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