社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

个人价值观是人们在不同情境中都渴望达成的目标，这些目标有主次之分，是个人生活的指导原则。以往研究发现，个人价值观可以预测亲环境态度和行为。具体而言，个体的自我超越价值观和自我提升价值观能够预测其亲环境态度和行为，但以往研究并未得出一致结论。此外，以往研究并未系统探究个人价值观与亲环境态度和行为的关系是否存在跨文化差异。基于此，本研究旨在通过不同的研究方法探究个人价值观与亲环境态度和行为的关系强度和方向，并检验自我表达的文化因素在其中可能存在的调节作用。

研究 1 采用跨国公开数据考察了个人价值观与亲环境态度和行为的关系。其中，研究 1a(N = 83,975)基于世界价值观调查第 5 波的数据，分析了该调查测量的个人价值观、亲环境态度和自我表达价值观变量，以及国家/地区层面的个体主义和文化松紧性的公开数据以检验假设。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲环境态度，自我提升价值观显著负向预测亲环境态度。此外，在强调自我表达的社会（高自我表达价值观水平、高个体主义水平和紧文化水平低的社会）， 自我超越价值观对亲环境态度的正向预测作用更强；在强调自我表达的社会（高自我表达价值观水平和高个体主义水平的社会），自我提升价值观对亲环境态度 的负向预测作用更强，但文化松紧性对自我提升价值观和亲环境态度之间关系的调节作用并不显著。研究 1b(N = 89,565)基于世界价值观调查第 6 波的数据，分析了该调查测量的个人价值观、亲环境行为和自我表达价值观，以及国家/地区层面的个体主义和文化松紧性的公开数据以检验假设。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲环境行为，自我提升价值观显著负向预测亲环境行为。此外，在强调自我表达的社会（高自我表达价值观水平、高个体主义水平和紧文化水平更低的社会），自我超越价值观对亲环境行为的正向预测作用更强，而自我提升价值观对亲环境行为的负向预测作用更强。

研究 2 通过问卷调查考察了个人价值观与亲环境态度和行为的关系，并检验了个体水平的个体主义和感知文化松紧性在其中的调节作用。通过 Credamo 平 台招募了 885 名有效成人被试，分别测量了被试的个人价值观、亲环境态度、亲 环境行为、个体主义和感知文化松紧性。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预 测亲环境态度和行为，自我提升价值观显著负向预测亲环境态度和行为。此外，个体水平的个体主义调节了自我超越价值观与亲环境行为之间的关系，即个体主义水平越高时，自我超越价值观对亲环境行为的正向预测作用更强。然而，感知文化松紧性在自我超越价值观与亲环境行为之间的调节效应不显著。同样，本研究发现个体主义和感知文化松紧性在自我提升价值观与亲环境行为关系之间的 调节效应不显著。

研究 3 通过实验范式分别操纵了个体水平的个体主义-集体主义(研究 3a)和文化松紧性(研究3b)，进一步考察两者在个人价值观与亲环境行为关系中的调节 作用。其中，研究 3a 采用单因素设计，最终纳入 433 名被试，实验首先测量被试的个人价值观，然后将被试随机分配至个体主义启动组和集体主义启动组并回答相应的问题，在进行操纵有效性检验后测量被试的亲环境行为。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲环境行为，但自我提升价值观对亲环境行为的负向预测作用不显著，个体主义-集体主义在自我超越价值观或自我提升价值观和亲环境行为之间关系的调节效应不显著。研究 3b 采用单因素设计，最终纳入 498名被试，实验首先测量被试的个人价值观，然后将被试随机分配至紧文化启动组和松文化启动组并阅读相关材料，在进行操纵有效性检验后测量被试的亲环境行为。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲环境行为，但自我提升价值观对亲环境行为的负向预测作用不显著，文化松紧性在自我超越价值观或自我提升价值观和亲环境行为之间关系的调节效应不显著。

研究 3 通过实验范式分别操纵了个体水平的个体主义-集体主义(研究 3a)和文化松紧性(研究 3b)，进一步考察两者在个人价值观与亲环境行为关系中的调节 作用。其中，研究 3a 采用单因素设计，最终纳入 433 名被试，实验首先测量被试的个人价值观，然后将被试随机分配至个体主义启动组和集体主义启动组并回答相应的问题，在进行操纵有效性检验后测量被试的亲环境行为。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲环境行为，但自我提升价值观对亲环境行为的负向预测作用不显著，个体主义-集体主义在自我超越价值观或自我提升价值观和亲环境行为之间关系的调节效应不显著。研究 3b 采用单因素设计，最终纳入 498名被试，实验首先测量被试的个人价值观，然后将被试随机分配至紧文化启动组和松文化启动组并阅读相关材料，在进行操纵有效性检验后测量被试的亲环境行为。结果发现，自我超越价值观显著正向预测亲环境行为，但自我提升价值观对亲环境行为的负向预测作用不显著，文化松紧性在自我超越价值观或自我提升价值观和亲环境行为之间关系的调节效应不显著。

研究 4 通过对现有的实证研究进行系统元分析以考察个人价值观与亲环境态度和行为的关系，并检验一系列社会文化变量（如个体主义、文化松紧性）在其中可能的调节作用。在进行文献检索与筛选后，最终纳入 212 篇文献（共2357 个效应量）进入数据编码与分析。结果发现，自我超越价值观及其基本价值观成分（善意价值观、大同主义价值观、生物圈价值观和利他主义价值观）与亲环境态度和行为显著正相关。调节效应分析发现，自我超越价值观与亲环境行为的正相关关系在个体主义水平更低或紧文化水平更高的社会中更强；自我提升价值观与亲环境态度的负相关关系在个体主义水平更低或紧文化水平更高的社会中更强，与亲环境行为的负相关关系在个体主义水平更低的社会中更强。

总体而言，本文通过跨国二手数据分析、问卷调查、实验研究和元分析共六项研究一致发现，自我超越价值观及其基本成分与亲环境态度和亲环境行为均呈现显著正相关。这一结论为培育亲环境意识与行为提供了科学依据，在理论层面深化了对不同价值观与亲环境行为内在联系的理解。在现实层面，鉴于自我超越价值观对亲环境态度和行为的积极效应，建议在基础教育阶段融入自我超越价值观的培养内容，通过课程设置、校园活动等多元化方式，系统性塑造青少年的价值观体系，为亲环境态度形成奠定基础。

With the intensification of population aging in China, the issue of financial fraud victimization among older adults has become increasingly prominent, emerging as an urgent social problem that needs to be addressed. Financial fraud not only inflicts substantial economic losses on older adults but also severely impacts their psychological well-being and social stability. Social isolation is considered a significant factor influencing the vulnerability of older adults to financial fraud. This study employs multiple methods and data sources to examine the impact of social isolation on financial fraud victimization among older adults and its underlying mechanisms.

Study 1 utilized data from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) database, involving 7,647 older adults aged 60 and above. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 to analyze the impact of social isolation on financial fraud victimization among older adults.

Study 2 was conducted through an online survey using Wenjuanxing, targeting 694 urban community residents aged 60 and above. This study introduced the new variable of susceptibility to deception and specifically examined the impact of social isolation on financial fraud victimization among older adults, as well as the mediating role of susceptibility to deception. The questionnaires used included the Lubben Social Network Scale, the Susceptibility to Deception Questionnaire, and two questions related to financial fraud victimization.

Study 3 employed an experimental approach to investigate the effects of social isolation on susceptibility to deception among older adults. Sixty older adults were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group underwent a self-referential recall paradigm to induce a state of social isolation, while the control group recalled general historical events. After the experiment, all participants' levels of social isolation were measured, and their recognition accuracy of scam messages and the probability of clicking on links within these messages were used as quantitative indicators of susceptibility to deception.

Study 4 selected 18 older adults with actual experiences of financial fraud victimization as participants and conducted semi-structured interviews based on an interview outline. This study further validated the impact of social isolation and susceptibility to deception on financial fraud victimization among older adults and identified other significant factors, such as numeracy, gambling mentality, and economic pressure.

The results indicated that: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between social isolation and financial fraud victimization among older adults, meaning that higher levels of social isolation significantly predict an increased risk of financial fraud victimization. (2) There is a significant positive correlation between social isolation and susceptibility to deception, and between susceptibility to deception and financial fraud victimization among older adults. Susceptibility to deception partially mediates the relationship between social isolation and financial fraud victimization. (3) Compared to the control group, participants in the social isolation group had lower accuracy in recognizing financial fraud (i.e., scam message recognition rate). (4) Through semistructured interviews, multi-dimensional factors influencing financial fraud victimization among older adults were revealed, including social isolation, susceptibility to deception, numeracy, overconfidence, gambling mentality, and economic pressure. These factors interact with each other, jointly affecting the financial decision-making process of older adults and increasing their risk of financial fraud victimization. The study also summarized common types of financial fraud targeting older adults, such as P2P online lending investment fraud, financial company fraud, fake collectibles fraud, elderly care services fraud, and false services fraud.

This study comprehensively used quantitative and qualitative data to reveal the important mechanism of social isolation in financial fraud victimization among older adults and the mediating role of susceptibility to deception. It proposed the "social isolation-susceptibility to deception-financial fraud victimization" mechanism model to systematically explain the impact mechanism of social isolation in the older adult population. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the sociopsychological mechanisms underlying financial fraud victimization among older adults. By enhancing social support, reducing social isolation, and improving older adults' ability to identify financial issues, the risk of financial fraud victimization can be effectively reduced. These conclusions not only offer scientific evidence for policymaking but also provide clear directions for interventions at the community and family levels. This contributes to building a more comprehensive protection mechanism for older adults and promotes the realization of positive aging goals.