健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

青少年时期是生命意义探索和发展的关键阶段。尽管已有研究表明生命意义感对青少年的生存和发展过程中发挥着重要作用，然而对其影响因素及相关机制的研究不足。本研究在生态系统理论的框架下，采用质性和量化相结合的方式，探索我国青少年生命意义感的现状及影响因素，并着重考察母亲心理控制的作用机制，为提高青少年生命意义感的相关干预方案提供切实的参考和指 导。

本研究包含两个研究。研究一采用质性研究设计，对 22 名中学生进行半结构化访谈，围绕生命意义感这一主题，探索分析青少年生命意义感的现状及潜在影响因素。研究二采用量化研究设计，基于研究一的结果，在生态系统框架下考察母亲心理控制与青少年生命意义感之间的关系，并探索自我概念清晰性在其中的中介作用，以及同伴疏离的调节作用。使用生命意义问卷等量表对2886 名青少年进行测量。通过独立样本 t 检验、单因素方差分析进行人口学变量 差异检验，采用 SPSS29.0 和 SPSS 宏程序 PROCESS 进行有调节的中介效应检验。

研究一结果：质性研究表明，青少年探索生命意义的状态，呈现出“尚未 思考”、“仍在探索”、“已经拥有”三种状态，取向大致分为“享受体验”、 “关系联结”、“自我成长”、“社会贡献”四类取向。影响因素上，青少年的自我认知对促进他们生命意义感的形成至关重要；父母的示范作用和主动输出均是影响青少年生命意义感的重要家庭因素；学校因素体现在教师引导和同 伴交流对青少年生命意义感的影响；而社会媒介和传统文化则是影响青少年生命意义感的主要社会文化因素。

研究二量化研究结果：（1）青少年在性别和父母婚姻状况上生命意义感存在显著差异，男生的生命意义感得分显著高于女生，已婚家庭的青少年生命意义感得分显著高于父母离异等其他家庭；（2）母亲心理控制与生命意义感呈显著负相关，自我概念清晰性与母亲心理控制呈负相关，与生命意义感呈显著正相关；青少年性别和父母婚姻状况均与生命意义感呈显著负相关；（3）母亲心理控制可以直接影响青少年生命意义感，也可以通过青少年自我概念清晰性的中介效应影响生命意义感，中介效应占比为 42.86%；（4）同伴疏离不仅在母亲心 理控制和青少年自我概念清晰性间起调节作用，而且还在母亲心理控制和青少年生命意义感间起调节作用。

研究结论：青少年的生命意义可大致分为三种状态和四类取向，其形成受到自身和环境的多重影响。家庭因素中，母亲心理控制负向影响青少年生命意义感，两者的关系中青少年自我概念清晰性起部分中介作用，同伴疏离存在调节效应，同伴疏离水平相对更低时，无论是母亲心理控制与青少年自我概念清晰性的关系还是母亲心理控制与青少年生命意义感的负向效应均更大。因此，需重视家庭，特别是母亲过度心理控制在青少年生命意义感形成过程中的破坏作用，同时，对于同伴疏离水平高的青少年，还应帮助其改善同伴关系、提升对自我的认识，进而提高他们的生命意义感。

Adolescence is a critical stage for the exploration and development of meaning in life. Although numerous studies have revealed its important role in adolescent survival and development, research on the factors influencing meaning in life itself and the related mechanisms is still insufficient. This study, within the framework of ecological systems theory, adopted a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the state and influencing factors of adolescent meaning in life, with a particular focus on examining the impact and mechanisms of maternal psychological control on adolescent meaning in life, aiming to provide more practical references and effective guidance for interventions to enhance the level of adolescent meaning in life.

This study consists of two parts. Study One adopted a qualitative research design, conducting semi-structured interviews with 22 middle school students, focusing on the theme of meaning in life, to explore the current state of adolescent meaning in life and potential influencing factors. Study Two adopted a quantitative research design, based on the results of Study One, to examine the association between maternal psychological control and adolescent meaning in life within the ecological systems framework. It also explored the mediating role of self-concept clarity and the moderating role of peer alienation. A total of 2,886 adolescents were investigated using scales such as the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ).Independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were employed to examine differences across demographic variables, while mediation effects and moderated mediation effects were tested using the PROCESS macro program and the Bootstrap method in SPSS 29.0.

The results of Study One: Qualitative research indicated that adolescent meaning in life could be exhibited three conditions: "not yet considered," "still exploring," and "already established." broadly categorized into four orientations: "enjoying experiences," "relational connection," "self-growth," and "social contribution." Based on the state of their meaning in life, adolescents In terms of influencing factors, adolescent self-cognition played a crucial role in fostering the formation of their meaning in life; parental role modeling and active engagement were significant family factors that affected adolescent meaning in life; school-related factors focused on the influence of teacher guidance and peer interaction on adolescent meaning in life; and social media and traditional culture served as the primary socio-cultural factors that impacted adolescent meaning in life.

The results of Study Two indicated: (1) There was a significant difference in meaning in life among adolescents based on gender, with boys scoring significantly higher than girls in their meaning in life. There was also a significant difference in meaning in life based on parental marital status, with adolescents from married families scoring significantly higher than those from divorced or other family structures.(2) Maternal psychological control was significantly negatively correlated with adolescent meaning in life, self-concept clarity was negatively correlated with maternal psychological control, and positively correlated with adolescent meaning in life，and adolescent gender and parental marital status were both significantly negatively correlated with adolescent meaning in life. (3)Maternal psychological control could directly influence adolescent meaning in life and also affected it through the mediating role of adolescent self-concept clarity, with a mediating effect accounting for 42.86%.(4)Peer alienation respectively not only moderated the relationship between maternal psychological control and adolescent self-concept clarity, but also the direct pathway between maternal psychological control and adolescent meaning in life.

Research Conclusion: The meaning in life among adolescents could be broadly categorized into three states and four orientations, with its formation influenced by multiple factors related to both the individual and their environment. Among family factors, maternal psychological control negatively affected adolescent meaning in life. The adolescent self-concept clarity partially mediated this relationship, while peer alienation exerted a moderating effect. Specifically, when peer alienation levels were relatively low, both relationship between maternal psychological control and adolescent self-concept clarity, as well as the negative effect of maternal psychological control on the adolescent meaning in life, were stronger. Therefore, it was crucial to pay attention to the detrimental role of excessive maternal psychological control within the family in shaping adolescents meaning in life. Additionally, for adolescents with high levels of peer alienation, efforts should have been made to help them improve peer relationships and enhance self-cognition, thereby increasing their sense of meaning in life.