健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

随着我国经济的发展与转型，制造业工人面临着工作要求提高、薪资待遇不佳、工作环境恶劣等诸多挑战，职业压力水平不断攀升，这不仅影响工人身心健康，还对企业安全生产和社会稳定造成威胁。在职业压力测量领域，现有量表存在对我国国情适应性不足、基于单一理论编制导致全面性欠缺、施测便捷性差以及对制造业工人群体针对性不强等问题。本研究旨在编制一份适用于制造业工人的职业压力源量表，比较不同人群的职业压力差异，并尝试探究睡眠质量和身心疲劳在职业压力与安全行为之间的中介作用机制，以帮助降低制造业工人在生产过程中的安全风险。

研究一。目的：编制符合我国国情的制造业工人职业压力源量表，检验该量表的信度和效度，并比较不同人群的职业压力差异。方法：通过广泛查阅国内外职业压力相关理论及测量工具文献，结合深度访谈和专家评定，确定量表维度和条目，形成初始量表。采用方便取样的方式，分两批抽取 721 位制造业工人为研究对象，样本 1（n = 218）用于初始量表预测试，样本 2（n = 433）用于正式量表施测，并对有效样本数据进行信度、效度检验分析。结果：编制的制造业工人职业压力源量表基于付出与回报、要求与能力、组织氛围和工作环境四个维度，共 33 个条目。经检验，该量表信效度良好，各维度内部一致性信度系数均较高， 重测信度也达到标准，与效标量表得分呈正相关，模型拟合度良好。不同人口统计学特征的制造业工人在职业压力源量表各维度得分存在显著差异。例如，随着年龄增长，付出与回报维度压力增大，要求与能力维度压力减小；已婚、有未成年小孩的工人在付出与回报和工作环境维度压力较大；技术主手在多个维度和总分上压力值最大。

研究二。目的：考察职业压力、睡眠质量、身心疲劳对于制造业工人安全行为的影响，并在制造业工人群体中检验睡眠质量、身心疲劳在职业压力与安全行 为之间的多重链式中介效应。方法：通过方便取样选取 676 名制造业工人，采用了研究一自编的制造业工人职业压力源量表、阿森斯失眠量表、疲劳量表 FS-14 及安全行为量表进行测量。结果：职业压力与睡眠质量、身心疲劳呈显著正相关，与安全行为呈显著负相关；睡眠质量与身心疲劳呈正相关，二者又均与安全行为呈负相关。且睡眠质量和身心疲劳在职业压力与安全行为之间起多重链式中介作用，职业压力可通过影响睡眠质量和身心疲劳，进而影响安全行为。

总体而言，本研究得出以下结论：（1）本研究编制的制造业工人职业压力源量表可有效评估该群体职业压力水平。（2）明确了职业压力对制造业工人安全行为的影响路径，职业压力对制造业工人的安全行为具有良好的预测效果，证实了睡眠质量和身心疲劳对于职业压力与安全行为间存在显著的中介作用，职业压力通过降低工人的睡眠质量和提高工人的身心疲劳程度，进而影响制造业工人 的安全行为。这为制造业企业管理和行业监管提供了有力工具，有助于企业针对性地制定干预措施，降低工人安全风险，促进企业安全生产，也为后续相关研究提供了理论和实践参考 。

With the development and transformation of China's economy, manufacturing workers are facing numerous challenges such as increased job requirements, poor salary and benefits, and harsh working environments. As a result, their occupational stress levels are constantly rising. This not only affects the physical and mental health of workers but also poses a threat to the safe production of enterprises and social stability. In the field of occupational stress measurement, existing scales have issues such as insufficient adaptability to China's national conditions, lack of comprehensiveness due to being developed based on single theories, poor administration convenience, and weak pertinence to the manufacturing worker group. This study aims to develop an occupational stressor scale suitable for manufacturing workers, compare the occupational stress differences among different groups of people, and attempt to explore the mediating mechanism of sleep quality and physical and mental fatigue between occupational stress and safety behavior, so as to help reduce the safety risks of manufacturing workers during the production process.

Study 1. Objective: To develop an occupational stressor scale for manufacturing workers that is in line with China's national conditions, test the reliability and validity of this scale, and compare the occupational stress differences among different groups of people. Methods: By extensively reviewing domestic and foreign literature on occupational stress-related theories and measurement tools, combined with in-depth interviews and expert evaluations, the dimensions and items of the scale were determined to form an initial scale. Using convenience sampling and online surveys, a total of 721 manufacturing workers were sampled in two batches as the research subjects. Sample 1 (n = 218) was used for the pre-test of the initial scale, and Sample 2 (n = 433) was used for the administration of the formal scale. The reliability and validity of the effective sample data were tested and analyzed. Results: The developed occupational stressor scale for manufacturing workers is based on four dimensions: effort-reward imbalance, job demand-ability mismatch, organizational climate, and working environment, with a total of 33 items. After testing, the scale has good reliability and validity. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of each dimension are relatively high, and the test-retest reliability also meets the standard. It shows a positive correlation with the scores of the criterion scale, and the model fit is good. Manufacturing workers with different demographic characteristics have significant differences in the scores of each dimension of the occupational stressor scale. For example, as the age increases, the stress in the effort-reward imbalance dimension increases, and the stress in the job demand-ability mismatch dimension decreases; married workers with minor children have greater stress in the effort-reward imbalance and working environment dimensions; the main technical workers have the highest stress values in multiple dimensions and the total score.

Study 2. Objective: To examine the impacts of occupational stress, sleep quality, and physical and mental fatigue on the safety behavior of manufacturing workers, and to test the multiple chain mediating effects of sleep quality and physical and mental fatigue between occupational stress and safety behavior in the group of manufacturing workers. Methods: Through convenience sampling, 676 manufacturing workers were selected. The self-developed occupational stressor scale for manufacturing workers in Study 1, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Fatigue Scale FS-14, and the Safety Behavior Scale were used for measurement. Results: Occupational stress is significantly positively correlated with sleep quality and physical and mental fatigue, and is significantly negatively correlated with safety behavior; sleep quality is positively correlated with physical and mental fatigue, and both are negatively correlated with safety behavior. Moreover, sleep quality and physical and mental fatigue play multiple chain mediating roles between occupational stress and safety behavior. Occupational stress can affect safety behavior by influencing sleep quality and physical and mental fatigue.

Overall, the following conclusions are drawn from this study: (1) The occupational stressor scale for manufacturing workers developed in this study can effectively evaluate the occupational stress level of this group. (2) The influence path of occupational stress on the safety behavior of manufacturing workers is clarified. Occupational stress has a good predictive effect on the safety behavior of manufacturing workers. It is confirmed that sleep quality and physical and mental fatigue have significant mediating effects between occupational stress and safety behavior. Occupational stress affects the safety behavior of manufacturing workers by reducing workers' sleep quality and increasing their physical and mental fatigue. This provides a powerful tool for the management of manufacturing enterprises and industry supervision, helps enterprises to formulate targeted intervention measures, reduce workers' safety risks, and promote the safe production of enterprises. It also provides theoretical and practical references for subsequent related research.