健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

抑郁和焦虑是青少年群体中两大心理健康问题，不仅严重影响青少年学业表现和生活质量，还显著增加其成年后罹患心理疾病风险，带给家庭、学校及社会巨大压力。尽管抑郁和焦虑危害广泛认可，但青少年能够接受正规心理治疗比例依然极低。本研究旨在探讨青少年正念与抑郁、焦虑的机制，并尝试在校园日常 教学场景中通过 5 周的瑜伽身心放松操进行干预，探索一种适用于校园环的有效干预方案，以帮助青少年缓解负性情绪、抑郁和焦虑症状。

研究一系统探讨正念对青少年抑郁与焦虑影响机制，并检验认知重评与心理韧性的中介作用。以重庆市两所中学 1010 名初一至高三学生为样本，采用特质正念量表（TMS）、情绪调节问卷（ERQ）、心理韧性量表（RSCA）、抑郁量表（PHQ9）与焦虑量表（GAD-7）测评。中介效应分析显示，正念通过心理韧性独立中介路径及“认知重评 → 心理韧性”链式路径间接影响抑郁与焦虑，整体效应呈现完全中介。研究揭示认知调节策略与心理复原资源在正念机制中关键作用，提供理解正念如何缓解青少年抑郁与焦虑理论支持。

研究二探讨在校园环境中基于正念瑜伽身心放松操对青少年抑郁与焦虑的干预效果。本研究采用整群随机取样法，招募某中学 4 个班级学生，随机分为干预组与对照组。实验前后分别施测特质正念量表、儿童青少年情绪调节问卷、心理韧性量表、PHQ-9 抑郁量表和 GAD-7 焦虑量表，干预组接受为期 5 周瑜伽身心放松操训练。结果显示，整体样本干预组学生抑郁、焦虑和压力水平显著下降， 正念专注与心理韧性显著提升。分层样本抑郁症状组中，干预效果更显著，情绪改善幅度更大，表明该干预对心理健康风险群体支持效应更强；而在心理状态良好的健康组中，干预未表现出显著效应，提示该干预对风险个体更具针对性。

结论：（1）正念在青少年抑郁与焦虑调节中具有重要作用，其影响并非直接作用于情绪状态，而是通过提升个体认知重评能力与心理韧性，间接促进情绪健康发展。（2）基于正念的瑜伽身心放松操是种适合校园情境心理健康干预方式，能有效提升青少年心理适应能力。该干预在整体学生群体中具有积极意义，尤其对于存在抑郁症状的青少年更具靶向优势，更有助于增强其心理调适能力，缓解抑郁与焦虑水平。

Depression and anxiety are the two most prevalent mental health problems among adolescents. These conditions not only significantly impair academic performance and quality of life but also substantially increase the risk of developing psychological disorders in adulthood, thereby exerting considerable pressure on families, schools, and society. Despite the widespread recognition of their harmful effects, only a small proportion of adolescents receive formal psychological treatment. This study aims to investigate the psychological mechanisms linking mindfulness with depression and anxiety in adolescents and to explore a feasible school-based intervention—five weeks of yoga-based mindfulness and relaxation training—implemented within the daily teaching context to alleviate negative emotions and reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Study 1 examined the impact of mindfulness on adolescent depression and anxiety and tested the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and resilience. A total of 1,010 students from Grade 7 to Grade 12 across two middle schools in Chongqing, China, participated in the survey. The assessment instruments included the Trait Mindfulness Scale (TMS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7). The results indicated that mindfulness affected depression and anxiety indirectly through both the independent mediating effect of resilience and the chain-mediating path of “cognitive reappraisal → resilience.” The overall model revealed a full mediation effect, highlighting the critical roles of cognitive strategies and psychological resources in the mechanism through which mindfulness influences emotional well-being.

Study 2 examined the effects of a mindfulness-based yoga relaxation intervention on depression and anxiety among adolescents in a school setting. A cluster random sampling method was used to recruit four classes from a middle school, and participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Prior to and following the intervention, students completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, the Psychological Resilience Scale, the PHQ-9 Depression Scale, and the GAD-7 Anxiety Scale. The intervention group received a five-week training in the mindfulnessbased yoga relaxation program. Results indicated that, in the overall sample, students in the intervention group demonstrated significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress levels, along with notable improvements in attentional mindfulness and psychological resilience. In the stratified subsample of students with depressive symptoms, the intervention produced more pronounced effects, with greater emotional improvement observed, suggesting stronger supportive effects for at-risk individuals. In contrast, no significant effects were found in the healthy group with good baseline mental health, indicating that the intervention may be more specifically effective for adolescents experiencing emotional difficulties.

The results of this study indicate the following conclusions. First, mindfulness plays a significant role in the regulation of depression and anxiety among adolescents. Its impact on emotional well-being is not direct but is mediated through the enhancement of cognitive reappraisal ability and psychological resilience, which together promote emotional health. Second, a mindfulness-based yoga relaxation program is demonstrated to be a feasible and effective mental health intervention within school contexts. This program contributes to the improvement of adolescents’ psychological adaptability and shows positive effects across the general student population. Notably, the intervention provides particularly benefits for adolescents with depressive symptoms by strengthening their emotional regulation capacities and alleviating depression and anxiety.