中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

记忆组织性的研究是记忆研究领域内的一个重要方面。范畴组织在信息提取过程中表现为部分选择性搜索效应。在短时记忆信息提取的研究中未看到范畴组织对反应时间的促进作用，分析认为这与信息的组织程度有关。考虑到组织程度以及长时记忆的广度特性，本研究拟探讨语义范畴组织在长时记忆项目再认信息提取中的作用。

实验一采用汉字双字名词，使用间距判断任务，结果发现被试的反应时间随距离的增加而降低，同时范畴因素对被试的反应有促进作用，分析认为范畴组织起到了语义分组的作用。实验二采用记忆广度内(6个项目)的汉字双字名词词表，实验程序为项目再认固定集程序，结果发现被试反应时间随记忆集的增加而增加，同时“是”、“否”反应的斜率一致，并且被试在多范畴条件下的反应时间快于单范畴条件下被试的反应时间。实验结果支持Sternberg (1966,1969)关于信息提取的串行和穷尽搜索模型，同时实验结果还表明范畴组织因素可以终止被试的信息搜索过程，但不能引导信息搜索的开始，这一结果与Naus (1972, 1974)的随机进人模型一致。实验三考虑到记忆广度问题，将词表扩大到记忆广度之外(汉字双字词8-18个项目)，实验方法同实验二，结果表明反应时间随记忆集变化的回归方程的斜率和截距均发生了很大的变化。分析表明被试的提取策略发生了变化，符合双重提取模型。同时范畴组织因素加快了被试的反应时间，起到了缩小搜索范围的作用。对实验二与实验三实验结果的综合分析表明。反应时间心理量与记忆集大小物理量之间存在算术级数与几何级数的函数变化关系.

Researches on memory organization is a main field in memory research. Category organization play as a role of partial selective search effects in memory scanning. This study investigates the semantic category effects on long-term item recognition information retrieval process.

Using distance judging task, results in Experiment 1 show mean RT. decrease with increase of distance, meanwhile the category factor faster subjects response，this results indicate semantic category may play as semantic grouping role in this distance judging task. Fixed set procedure was used in experiment 2, the memory set is within memory span. (less than 6 items), results show mean RT. increases linearly with set size, the rate of increase is the same for positive and negative responses, mean RT. of multiple category is faster than single category in same set size, the results is consistent with Sternberg's serial and exhaustive model (1966,1969) for information retrieval process and Naus's random entry model. (1972,1974) for category effects. Experiment 3 dealing with the set which exceeds memory span(8-18 items), results show slope and intercept of function was significantly changed, it suggests that the retrieval process may be different under the memory supraspan condition, it is consistent with .dual retrieval process model which proposed by Atkinson and Joula (1973). semantic category faster the subject's response, this shows the category organization narrows subject's scanning range. Finally, a logarithmic function which fitted the mean RT. with set size perfectly has been discussed.