中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的:了解我国青少年生活方式的现状。方法:采用横断面研究方法。分层随机取样收集全国9个省(自治区、直辖市)初一至大四15000名在校学生的相关资料,回收有效问卷10899份。用自编人口学信息调查表及青少年生活方式问卷(Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale,CALS)进行调查。结果:CALS各因子分均>2.5分,体育锻炼因子分最低(2.72±0.64);男生生活满意度得分高于女生[(2.91±0.48)vs.(2.81±0.44),P<0.001];重点学校青少年客观行为分及生活满意度分均高于非重点学校[(3.04±0.38)vs.(2.93±0.38),(2.89±0.48)vs.(2.84±0.46);均P<0.001];独生子女客观行为分及生活满意度分均高于非独生子女[(3.05±0.39)vs.(2.88±0.35),(2.92±0.48)vs.(2.78±0.44);均P<0.001];初中生客观行为分及生活满意度分最高,高中生次之,大学生最低[(3.05±0.41)vs.(3.01±0.37)vs.(2.86±0.33);(3.01±0.48)vs.(2.84±0.47)vs.(2.74±0.42),均P<0.001];大城市青少年客观行为分及生活满意度最高,中小城市次之,乡镇农村最低[(3.07±0.38)vs.(2.97±0.38)vs.(2.89±0.36);(2.93±0.48)vs.(2.85±0.46)vs.(2.80±0.45),均P<0.001]。结论:青少年生活方式总体状况良好,中学生、城市青少年、重点学校青少年、独生子女生活方式更好。

Objective： To develop the Chinese Adolescent Lifestyles Scale （ CALS ） and test its reliability and validity. Methods： Totally 15000 students from junior high schools, senior high schools and universities in 9 provinces of China were selected by stratified sampling method, and were tested with the self-made lifestyles scale. The scale was revised through item analysis. Then the construct validity of the revised scale was tested through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The criterion validity was tested with the Self-esteem Scale （ SES） and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （ CES-D） . Finally the reliability was tested. Results： （ 1 ） The CALS consisted of 49 items and 2 components. The first component included 8 factors, including dietary, sleep, hygiene, study, exercise, entertainment, interpersonal relationship and coping style. The other included one factor （ life satisfaction ） . （ 2 ） The loadings of items in the first component were ranged from 0. 50 to 0. 82. They could explain 55.15% of the total variance. The indicators of confirmatory factor analysis with overall sample and subgrade sample were in requirements of psychometric （ RMSEA 〈 0. 08, NFI 〉 0. 9, NNFI 〉 0. 9, CFI 〉 0. 9 ） . The Cronbaeh coefficients of both components were 0. 91 and 0. 83, and the coefficient of eight factors in the first component were ranged from 0. 68 to 0. 84. The correlation coefficients between CALS and the nine factors were 0. 51 to 0. 78, and the correlation between the 9 factors was 0. 19 to 0. 59 （ Ps 〈 0. 01 ） . （ 3 ） For the two component of CALS, the correlation coefficients were 0. 47 and 0. 45 to self-esteem respectively （ Ps 〈 0. 01 ）, and those were - 0. 37 and -0. 43 to depression respectively （ Ps 〈0. 01 ） . Conclusion： The CALS can be used as an effective and reliable tool for assessing lifestyles of adolescents.

中国科学院心理研究所青年科学基金(07CX061006)