中国科学院心理研究所机构知识库

目的: 通过各年龄儿童对常见食物的分类任务，考察儿童对食物与营养健康关系的认知。

方法: 本研究用临床访谈法，采用多种任务范式，考察5岁、7岁、9岁儿童对常见食物的自发分类以及对膳食平衡的认知。

结果: 5岁儿童更多依赖食物的具体特征进行分类，5-9岁儿童在物理标准（H（2）=12.929，P<0.01），习俗标准（H（2）=5.540，P=0.063），加工方式（H(2)=6.076，P<0.05）的使用上年龄差异显著。对于不同营养搭配的套餐，社会经济条件不同的两组儿童选择人数百分比差异显著（χ2（1）=5.857, P=0.016；χ2（1）=4.510, P=0.034），SES高组的儿童比SES低组的儿童更多选择均衡的饮食（SES高组选择营养搭配人数百分比是75.0%􀋈93.8%􀋗SES低组是45.2%􀋈74.2%）。

结论:儿童对食物和营养的理解与认知发展有关。随着年龄的增长，儿童逐渐形成膳食营养平衡的观念；生活经验对“膳食平衡”的认知产生影响。

Objective To investigate children’s understanding of food, nutrition and its relation to health.

Methods Participants were interviewed individually, various experimental tasks were used to explore 5-9 year old children’s spontaneous classification of familiar food and their understanding of food balance.

Results Five-year-old children rely more than elders on physical cues. There is significant age difference of their criterion of classification among. Higher SES children tended to choose balanced food􀋄percentage of choosing balanced food in higher SES group is 75.0%􀋈93.8%; lower SES group, 45.2%􀋈74.2%).

Conclusion The criterion children used is related to their cognitive development and experience. As they become older, more and more children realized the nutritional value of foods. There was a significant age difference in nutrition-balanced food choice, and children’s social economic status influenced their performance.

国家自然科学基金（30570615）