PSYCH OpenIR

Disrupted intrathalamic and thalamocortical structural covariance networks in posttraumatic stress disorder

2026-04-14T00:47:37Z

Title: Disrupted intrathalamic and thalamocortical structural covariance networks in posttraumatic stress disorder Authors: Steele, Nick; Hussain, Ahmed; Sun, Delin; Baird, C. Lexi; Russell, Courtney; Jahanshad, Neda; Salminen, Lauren E; Olff, Miranda; Frijling, Jessie L; Veltman, Dick J; Koch, Saskia B. J.; Nawijn, Laura; van Zuiden, Mirjam; Wang, Li; Zhu, Ye; Li, Gen; Stein, Dan J.; Ipser, Jonathan; Koopowitz, Sheri; Neria, Yuval; Zhu, Xi; Ravid, Orren; Zilcha-Mano, Sigal; Lazarov, Amit; Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin; Huggins, Ashley A.; Stevens, Jennifer; Ressler, Kerry; Jovanovic, Tanja; van Rooij, Sanne J. H.; Fani, Negar; Dennis, Emily L.; Tate, David F.; Cifu, David X.; Walker, William C.; Wilde, Elisabeth A.; Rektor, Ivan; Říha, Pavel; Kaufman, Milissa L.; Lebois, Lauren A. M.; Baker, Justin T.; King, Anthony; Liberzon, Israel; Angstadt, Mike; Davenport, Nicholas D.; Disner, Seth G.; Sponheim, Scott R.; Straube, Thomas; Hofmann, David; Lu, Guang Ming; Qi, Rongfeng; Etkin, Amit; Maron-Katz, Adi; Wang, Xin; Kunch, Austin; Xie, Hong; Quidé, Yann; El-Hage, Wissam; Lissek, Shmuel; Berg, Hannah; Bruce, Steven E.; Cisler, Josh; Ross, Marisa; Herringa, Ryan; Grupe, Daniel W.; Nitschke, Jack B.; Davidson, Richard J.; Larson, Christine; deRoon-Cassini, Terri A.; Tomas, Carissa W.; Fitzgerald, Jacklynn M.; Feola, Brandee; Blackford, Jennifer U.; Olatunji, Bunmi O.; May, Geoffrey; Nelson, Steven M.; Gordon, Evan M.; Abdallah, Chadi G.; Lanius, Ruth; Densmore, Maria; Théberge, Jean; Neufeld, Richard W. J.; Thompson, Paul M.; Morey, Rajendra A. Abstract:

The thalamus is a heterogeneous structure crucial for corticocortical communication, affective–perceptual integration, motor preparation, and memory-related functions. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by various symptoms that likely relate to thalamic functions. Group-level and individual differential structural covariance (SC) analyses were conducted on intrathalamic, thalamocortical, and thalamosubcortical volumetric networks by segmenting structural MRI data from 2,784 subjects (PTSD n = 1,306; controls n = 1,478) into 25 thalamic nuclei per hemisphere. We found that PTSD was associated with stronger intrathalamic and thalamocortical network strength and stronger SC between the limbic thalamus and the somatomotor and auditory thalamus. PTSD severity was related to specific regional alterations in the intrathalamic network involving the lateral pulvinar. Comorbid depression severity positively correlated with global intrathalamic alterations, while avoidance symptoms positively correlated with global thalamosubcortical alterations. Hyperarousal symptoms related to altered SC in the thalamocortical network between the reuniens, central medial, paratenial, centromedian, and limitans-suprageniculate nuclei and lateral cortical regions spanning the occipital, temporal, and orbitofrontal cortices. Differential associations between avoidance, hyperarousal, and comorbid depression symptoms and thalamic SC in PTSD suggest that specific thalamic covariance patterns may be involved in unique facets of PTSD symptomatology.

志愿服务动员策略对青年参与意愿的影响机制研究

2026-04-13T03:07:17Z

Title: 志愿服务动员策略对青年参与意愿的影响机制研究 Authors: 卞军凤; 周永旭; 黄恬婧; 方瑜 Abstract:

The modernization of social governance in China increasingly depends on volunteering as a structural pillar of collaborative governance. However, a persistent practical dilemma remains: social organizations face significant challenges in mobilizing young adults, who often exhibit low intention to participate, brief engagement cycles, and limited sustained involvement. Conventional top-down administrative mobilization is often ineffective in generating durable enthusiasm among young people. To address the dilemma of “insufficient motivation” in volunteer mobilization and engage youth more effectively, this study aims to systematically compare the effectiveness of alternative mobilization strategies and, crucially, elucidate the underlying psychological mechanisms and boundary conditions that explain why these strategies work or fail. In collaboration with the Social Work Department of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, we conducted on-site recruitment in five communities (including Qingyuan and Baikang) and conducted a field experiment embedded in an actual mobilization scenario. The study employed a single-factor, four-group between-subjects experimental design (with mobilization strategy as the factor: pressure-based, incentive-based, emotion-based, or control). Participants were first required to complete the General Self-Efficacy Scale, after which they were randomly assigned to groups. Upon reading the corresponding experimental materials, they completed the Volunteer Motivation Scale, an adapted Purchase Intention Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. The results revealed distinct patterns across each strategy. Compared to the control group, the pressure-based strategy significantly reduced participation intention. This negative effect was fully mediated by decreased altruistic motivation. Conversely, the incentive-based strategy did not exert a significant direct effect on participation intention. Instead, its effect was indirect-only, operating through heightened egoistic motivation. The emotion-based strategy demonstrated the most potent direct effect, significantly increasing participation intention above the control group level. Interestingly, its influence was not mediated by altruistic motivation, suggesting a more immediate, heuristic-driven route. Furthermore, self-efficacy played a critical moderating role. For individuals with high self-efficacy, the link between egoistic motivation and participation intention was weakened, whereas the link between altruistic motivation and participation intention was significantly strengthened. For those with low self-efficacy, both motivational paths positively predicted intention. This study elucidates the differential psychological mechanisms through which mobilization strategies operate, contributing to theoretical integration. The findings support core tenets of Self-Determination Theory, showing how pressure undermines autonomy and altruism. The indirect-only effect of incentives aligns with motivation crowding theory, suggesting a complex interplay where external rewards may simultaneously activate calculative motives while potentially creating subtle tension with the prosocial ethos of volunteering. The direct, unmediated impact of the emotion-based strategy extends social identity and affective heuristic theories, indicating that narrative-driven, affective appeals can trigger participation decisions through rapid intuitive processing rather than deliberate motivational calculus. The demonstrated moderating role of self-efficacy underscores the person-situation interaction, highlighting that the effectiveness of a given strategy is contingent upon the individual’s belief in their own capabilities. The findings offer concrete, evidence-based guidance for social organizations to optimize their mobilization practices. Practitioners should prioritize emotion-based strategies that forge value congruence and emotional connection, as these most effectively enhance intrinsic willingness to participate. Pressure-based tactics involving commands or obligations should be used with extreme caution, as they risk eroding the altruistic drives foundational to sustained volunteering. Incentive-based approaches can serve as a supplementary tool, particularly useful for initial engagement by lowering perceived barriers. Most importantly, mobilization frameworks should move beyond mere persuasion to incorporate capacity-building. Actively fostering volunteers’ self-efficacy, through training, mastery experiences, and supportive feedback, can transform participation from a tentative willingness into confident action. This shift, from motivating participation to empowering participants, is key to enhancing both the scale and sustainability of youth volunteerism.

Description:

为破解志愿服务动员中青年“动力不足”的现实困境，探寻提升其参与意愿的有效路径，本研究基于一项真实情境的动员实验(N=274)，采用志愿服务动机量表、改编购买意愿量表和一般自我效能感量表，探讨不同动员策略影响青年参与意愿的差异化机制。结果发现：压力型策略抑制了利他动机，进而降低参与意愿；诱致型策略通过激活利己动机间接提升参与意愿；情感型策略则直接激发参与意愿；自我效能感调节了利己/利他动机对参与意愿的影响。

梦境工程师:夜幕降临后,大脑如何悄悄“删除”痛苦

2026-04-13T02:45:18Z

Title: 梦境工程师:夜幕降临后,大脑如何悄悄“删除”痛苦 Authors: 夏涛; 胡晓晴 Description: <正>一、永不打烊的大脑图书馆不妨将你的大脑想象成一座宏伟深邃、永不打烊的图书馆。白天，感官会不断为你送来“新书”：清晨咖啡的醇香，工作中的焦虑，一场突如其来的争吵，或是一场惊心动魄的车祸。这些经历都化作一本本未整理的书籍，杂乱地堆在名为海马体的暂存区“桌面”上。当夜幕降临，你闭上双眼，意识沉入黑暗，大脑这座图书馆并没有关门。相反，一群神秘的“夜间图书管理员”才刚打卡上岗。他们的核心工作是把暂存区桌面上的“新书”分类编码，再搬运到大脑皮层深处的永久书架。神经科学家给这个过程起了个专业名字——记忆巩固。

气味调控疼痛感知的行为及神经机制

2026-04-13T03:05:12Z

Title: 气味调控疼痛感知的行为及神经机制 Authors: 陈莹; 郭锦辉; 周雯; 周斌; 孔亚卓 Abstract:

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Compared to traditional pharmacological treatments (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics), non-pharmacological interventions (such as cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness meditation, and music therapy) for analgesia generally demonstrate higher safety, lower risks of addiction and side effects, and greater cost-effectiveness. Among these multisensory, non-drug approaches, odor-mediated modulation of pain perception and its clinical translation have attracted growing interest, owing to the close genetic and neural processing links between the olfactory system and the emotional and nociceptive systems. This review systematically synthesizes behavioral and neurobiological evidence on odor-induced modulation of pain and, on this basis, proposes testable models of potential neural pathways, with the aims of informing mechanistic research and providing insights into the clinical translation of odor-based interventions as adjunct strategies for pain management. From the perspective of behavioral research, odor stimulation exhibits distinct dimension-specificity in modulating pain across the sensory-discriminative dimension (pain intensity, pain threshold) and the affective-motivational dimension (pain unpleasantness, pain tolerance). Existing studies suggest that the modulation of odor on the sensory-discriminative dimension of pain shows relatively inconsistent outcomes. Odor-induced emotional changes may not directly regulate an individual’s perception of pain intensity, while attention to odor may reduce perceived pain intensity, though conclusive experimental evidence for this is still lacking. In contrast, current research more consistently demonstrates that odor stimulation modulates the perception of pain unpleasantness. Specifically, individuals tend to report lower pain unpleasantness under pleasant odor conditions, and higher pain unpleasantness under unpleasant odor conditions. Further evidence from neural mechanisms suggests that olfactory stimuli may participate in modulating the ascending transmission and descending inhibitory pathways of pain through two potential neural pathways. One is the emotional and reward neural pathway, where odor stimulation engages emotion-and reward-processing brain regions, such as the amygdala and ventral striatum, to alter the activation of both the ascending medial pain pathway and the descending inhibitory pathway, thereby modulating the unpleasantness of pain. The other is the attentional neural pathway, where odor stimulation acts on the anterior insula and collaborates with the frontoparietal attention network to modify the activation of the ascending lateral pain pathway and the descending inhibitory pathway, thereby regulating the subjective perception of pain intensity. Building on the current evidence, future studies should more precisely dissociate odor-evoked emotional and attentional effects through refined paradigms and more stringent manipulation checks to further validate the dimension-specific nature of odor-induced pain modulation. Moreover, emerging techniques such as cortico-spinal synchronized functional magnetic resonance imaging may enable direct assessment of odor-related modulation at the spinal level, thereby delineating a more comprehensive central pathway underlying odor-induced pain regulation.

Description:

痛觉与嗅觉均为遗传学上古老且基本的感知系统,在人类进化过程中发挥了核心作用,为机体提供了重要的自我保护机制.由于嗅觉加工与疼痛加工在大脑神经通路与功能网络上存在显著重叠,并与情绪、认知过程紧密耦合,气味被认为能够调节个体的疼痛感知.本文系统梳理了气味调控疼痛感知的行为学与神经机制证据,并在此基础上提出可供检验的潜在神经通路模型,旨在为相关机制研究提供参考,并为在临床情境下将气味干预作为辅助疼痛管理策略提供思路.现有行为学研究总体提示,气味对疼痛的调节具有一定的维度特异性:不同效价的气味通过诱发情绪状态变化,较一致地作用于疼痛的情感–动机维度,表现为对疼痛不愉悦度的调控;而气味对疼痛感知–辨别维度(如疼痛强度、疼痛阈限等)的影响则不尽一致.神经机制证据进一步表明,气味刺激可能通过情绪与奖赏、注意的神经机制,参与调节疼痛的上行传导与下行抑制通路,进而分别调控疼痛感知的情感–动机维度和感知–辨别维度.基于当前证据,未来研究需在范式设计与指标体系上更精细地区分气味引发的情绪效应与注意效应,并结合更严格的操控检验以进一步验证其维度特异性.此外,结合脑脊同步功能磁共振成像等新技术,未来研究有望直接评估气味调控疼痛在脊髓层面的作用,从而揭示更完整的中枢调控通路.

背根神经节影像应用现状及前景

2026-04-13T03:03:35Z

Title: 背根神经节影像应用现状及前景 Authors: 徐仕昀; 倪兵; 林校民; 杜涛; 卢光; 黄运健; 刘思宜; 杨豆; 姜在莹; 朱宏伟 Abstract:

The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a critical node in the peripheral sensory pathway. Through mechanisms such as increased neuronal excitability, glial activation, and immune microenvironment remodeling, it plays a central role in the onset and persistence of neuropathic pain. However, imaging the DRG remains challenging due to its small size, proximity to bone and cerebrospinal fluid, and susceptibility to artifacts. Consequently, prior studies have largely been limited to basic anatomical localization or single-modality morphological assessments, lacking comprehensive quantification. This article systematically reviews the primary technical approaches and clinical applications of DRG imaging, analyzing the strengths and limitations of current techniques. We also explore future directions, specifically the potential of multi-modal imaging. While DRG research has advanced from simple visualization to quantification and decision support, significant hurdles remain, including a lack of standardization and poor reproducibility. Future research should integrate high-field accelerated imaging, multi-modal fusion, and AI-driven segmentation to build a robust, interpretable imaging system. This will provide essential evidence for identifying affected segments, stratifying treatments, and predicting outcomes.

Description:

背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion, DRG)位于外周感觉传入通路的关键节点，其神经元兴奋性增高、卫星胶质细胞激活及免疫炎症微环境重塑等与神经病理性疼痛的发生、维持及难治化密切相关。受限于DRG体积微小、毗邻骨性结构与脑脊液腔隙、易受运动与磁敏感伪差影响，既往研究多侧重解剖定位或单一模态的形态学评估，尚缺乏对结构、毗邻结构与病理生理改变的整合量化。本文系统梳理DRG影像学的主要技术路径与临床应用进展，重点总结DRG现有成像技术及其优势与局限性分析，并探讨未来DRG影像研究的可能方向，包括多模态成像技术在DRG中的相关应用等。综合现有证据，DRG影像研究已由可视化阶段向定量化与决策支持推进，但仍存在采集与后处理缺乏标准化、指标可重复性不足等关键问题。未来应结合高场强与加速成像、多模态融合以及人工智能自动分割与影像组学建模，建立可解释、可验证的DRG影像体系，为责任节段识别、治疗分层与疗效预测提供影像学依据，以期为DRG成像技术的深入研究提供指引和参考。

生育价值观的代际变迁及其家庭传递路径

2026-04-13T03:01:47Z

Title: 生育价值观的代际变迁及其家庭传递路径 Authors: 成雅仪; 冯婷婷; 杨善雅; 邓淑月; 曾杨睿宇; 陶婷; 高文斌; 王利刚; 樊春雷 Abstract:

Based on a nationally representative sample, this study identifies the intergenerational transmission of fertility values between parents and their offspring as its core research focus. It systematically examines the predictive relationship of fertility values across generations while exploring the moderating roles of demographic variables (gender and birth cohort), developmental contexts (urban-rural upbringing), and cognitive-affective factors (perception of rearing conditions and positive parenting affect).The results indicate that parental fertility values significantly and positively predict those of their offspring. Moderation analysis reveals that both structural and psychological factors significantly influence the transmission intensity of these values within the family system. This research elucidates the psychological mechanisms underlying the persistence of traditional fertility values and provides empirical evidence for understanding value shifts in low-fertility societies, offering insights for the formulation of related population policies.

Description:

本研究基于全国样本数据，本文以父母生育价值观与子代生育价值观为核心变量，系统检验生育价值观的代际传递关系，并考察性别、出生年代、城乡成长背景以及养育条件认知与养育积极感受的调节作用。结果表明：父母生育价值观显著正向预测子代生育价值观。调节分析发现，结构与心理因素均显著影响家庭生育价值观的传递强度。研究揭示传统生育观念在家庭中的延续机制，为理解低生育率社会中的观念变迁及相关政策制定提供了经验依据。

图画书伴读中成人手势对4～6岁幼儿故事复述的影响

2026-04-13T02:59:07Z

Title: 图画书伴读中成人手势对4～6岁幼儿故事复述的影响 Authors: 张文洁; 杨丽; 汪雅琴; 张馨月; 范伟 Abstract:

The present study examined the effects of adults gestures in picture book shared-reading videos on story retelling among children aged 4 to 6 years. In Experiment 1, 166 children aged 4 to 6 years were randomly assigned to either a natural gestures group or a non-gestures group. The results showed that children who viewed the shared-reading videos with natural gestures performed better in story retelling than those in the non-gestures group. Building on these findings，Experiment 2 randomly assigned 266 children abed 4 to 6 years to four groups: iconic gestures deictic gestures，beat gestures，and no gestures. The results showed that children who viewed the shared-reading videos with iconic gestures performed better in story retelling than those exposed to deictic gestures，beat gestures or non-gestures. Moreover, the facilitative effect of gestures，especially iconic gestures, on story retelling became more pronounced as the children drew older. These results indicate that adults’ gestures in picture book shared- reading videos are beneficial for enhancing story retelling in 4-to 6-year-old children，with iconic gestures showing the most significant positive impact.

Description:

本研究考察了图画书伴读中成人手势对4～6岁幼儿故事复述的影响。实验1将166名4～6岁幼儿随机分配至有手势与无手势组，结果发现，相比无手势，观看伴随手势的伴读视频的幼儿的故事复述表现更好。基于实验1的结果，实验2将266名4～6岁幼儿随机分配至标志性手势、指向性手势、节拍性手势与无手势组。结果发现，相比指向性手势、节拍性手势和无手势，观看伴随标志性手势的伴读视频的幼儿的故事复述表现更好。此外，随着年龄的增长，手势，尤其是标志性手势，对幼儿故事复述的促进作用会愈加明显。上述结果表明，图画书伴读中的成人手势有利于4～6岁幼儿进行故事复述，尤其是标志性手势。

网络欺凌情境下大学生感知严重性对旁观者助人意愿的影响：一个有调节的中介模型

2026-04-13T02:57:02Z

Title: 网络欺凌情境下大学生感知严重性对旁观者助人意愿的影响：一个有调节的中介模型 Authors: 樊超超; 郭菲; 陈祉妍; 和青森 Abstract:

This study explored the impact of college students’ perceived severity On bystander helping willingness in cyberbullying situations and its underlying psychological mechanisms. A simulated cyberbullying scenario was set up, and 1022 college students were surveyed using the Perceived Severity Scale，the Bystander Helping Willingness Scale, the Perceived Responsibility Scald and the Defensive Self-efficacy Scale. The results showed that: 1) Perceived severity could significantly and positively predict bystander helping willingness. 2) Perceived responsibility played a partial mediating role between perceived severity and bystander helping willingness. 3) Defensive self-efficacy moderated the relationship between perceived severity and perceived responsibility. Specifically, when defensive self-efficacy was higher, the predictive effect of perceived severity on perceived responsibility was stronger. The research concludes that in cyberbullying situations bystanders’ perceived severity not only directly affects their helping willingness but also indirectly influences it through perceived responsibility. Defensive self-efficacy moderates the first half of this mediating pathway.

Description:

探讨网络欺凌情境下大学生感知严重性对旁观者助人意愿的影响及其心理机制.设置虚拟网络欺凌情景，采用感知严重性问卷、旁观者助人意愿问卷、感知责任问卷、防御自我效能感问卷对1 022名大学生进行调查.结果显示：1)感知严重性能够显著正向预测旁观者助人意愿；2)感知责任在感知严重性与旁观者助人意愿之间起部分中介作用；3)防御自我效能感在感知严重性与感知责任之间起调节作用，当防御自我效能感较高时，感知严重性对感知责任的预测作用更强.研究认为，在网络欺凌情境下，旁观者感知严重性不仅直接影响旁观者助人意愿，而且通过感知责任间接影响旁观者助人意愿，防御自我效能感调节了中介效应的前半段路径.

人格视角下的短视频使用

2026-04-13T02:53:30Z

Title: 人格视角下的短视频使用 Authors: 邱瑞英; 李勇辉 Abstract:

With the continuous expansion of short video user number, use of time and frequency, the harm of short video addiction to use has aroused extensive attention. From a personality perspective, this paper discusses the susceptibility of personality to addiction, the role of personality on motivation and behavior, as well as addiction measurement tools Finally, this study summarizes the shortcomings in previous studies and concludes the future studies should strictly Finally, this study summarizes the shortcomings in previous studies and concludes the future studies should strictly distinguish between overuse and addiction, and set up scientific measurement tools. On the other hand, there should be more focus on comprehensive effect level among personality, motivation and behavior, by all ages users as samples and multiple methods, in order to provide guidance for the prevention of addition and treatment.

Description:

随着用户数量增长、使用时间和频率增加，短视频成瘾对用户的危害引起关注。本文基于人格视角，讨论人格对成瘾的易感性，对动机和行为的作用，结合成瘾模型和理论进行验证，并探讨测量工具。未来研究应设立科学的测量工具，严格区分过度使用和成瘾，拓宽样本群体，多方法整合，结合短视频平台特性，综合人格、动机和行为的作用水平，研究成瘾发生机制，提供科学的预防和治理建议。

基于跨理论模型戒毒动机量表的编制及验证

2026-04-13T02:52:31Z

Title: 基于跨理论模型戒毒动机量表的编制及验证 Authors: 李怡坤; 黄宗祯; 陈天勇 Abstract:

Objective To develop a Drub Abstinence Motivation Scale and assess its reliability and validity. Methods Based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) as the theoretical framework, this study combined literature analysis qualitative interviews，expert review and quantitative analysis to construct a preliminary Drub Abstinence Motivation Scale from four dimensions: harm perception, ambivalence, abstinence confidence, and abstinence action. After the pilot test the formal administration scale was formed and 398 drug addicts were tested. Results The overall Cronbach's a coefficient of the scale was 0. 86，and the coefficients of each dimension ranked from 0. 73 to 0. 79. The test-retest reliability of the total male was 0.79. The confirmatory factor analysis results supported the 4-factor structure. Additionally, K-means cluster analysis classified the participants into four categories，corresponding to the four stakes of the TTM: precontemplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance. Conclusion The Drub Abstinence Motivation Scale based on TTM effectively assesses and identifies the motivation levels and stakes of drub addicts，providing support for subsequent targeted interventions and skill development.

Description:

目的编制戒毒动机量表并对其信度与效度进行检验。方法以跨理论模型（TranstheoreticalModel,TTM）为框架，结合文献分析、质性访谈、专家审阅和量化分析，从危害认识、矛盾状态、戒毒信心、戒毒行动四个方面构建初步的戒毒动机量表并进行预测试，然后使用正式施测量表对398名戒毒人员进行施测。结果量表整体的Cronbach′sα系数为086，各维度Cronbach′sα系数在0.73～0.79之间；总量表的重测信度为0.79。验证性因子分析结果支持4因子结构。此外，通过Kmeans聚类分析将戒毒人员分为四类，对应于TTM的前沉思期、沉思期、行动期和维持期四个阶段。结论基于跨理论模型的戒毒动机量表能够有效评估和识别戒毒人员的戒毒动机水平和动机阶段，为后续的精准矫治及技能学习提供支持。