认知与发展心理学研究室知识库

网络成瘾即个体过度使用互联网络，包含上网时间失去理性的控制，个体的认知、情绪情感和意志力发生了消极的变化，以及上网行为给现实生活和工作带来了巨大的负面影响。青少年是网络使用最活跃的群体，很容易沉迷于网络。同时，青少年正处于人生中一个重要时期——青春期，自我同一性正是在这个时期发展形成的。因此研究青少年自我同一性与网络成瘾的关系具有重要的理论意义和现实价值，可以为预防和治疗网络成瘾提供依据，为促进自我同一性发展提供方法。从网络环境的视角来看，同一性探索是指青少年以互联网为媒介，通过自我表征和自我探索来构建同一性的一系列行为。网上交际的优越性、青少年的人格特征、同一性状态和动机等因素促使青少年进行同一性探索。青少年在参与同步聊天、社交网站和网络游戏的过程中实现同一性探索, 并对其同一性发展产生重要影响。因此研究青少年自我同一性与同一性探索的关系也很重要。
本文对宁夏、吉林和福建三省 4 所小学、6 所初中、6 所高中、5 所大学进行问卷调查，以性别、年级和区域（城镇和农村）作为分层变量，随机分层整群抽取学生2003 名。本研究使用《网络成瘾症状诊断量表》、《自我同一性形成度的自我测定量表》和《网络同一性探索量表》研究发现：
     (1)网络成瘾症状水平与性别有关。不同性别网络成瘾症状检出率差异显著。其中男性网络成瘾症状检出率高于女性。
(2)网络成瘾症状水平与年级有关。不同年级网络成瘾症状检出率差异显著。从小学到中学，再到大学，网络成瘾症状检出率呈现明显的上升趋势。其中小学最低，大学最高。
(3)同一性状态不同的学生有着不同的网络成瘾症状水平。处于同一性混乱状态的学生，网络成瘾症状最严重。
(4)网络同一性探索水平与性别有关。不同性别网络同一性探索得分差异显著。其中男性在积极外在和消极内在维度的网络同一性探索得分高于女性。
  (5)同一性状态不同的大学生在积极维度的网络同一性探索得分差异显著。处于同一性较低地位的大学生会在网络上进行积极地同一性探索。

 Internet addiction disorder concerns the excessive use of network, which means that one is not able to control the time on line rationally, and suffer enormous changes in cognition, in emotions and in behaviors. and thus his or her real life and work are both being harmed continuously. Adolescents nowadays have easy access to internet, and are very apt to fall into internet addiction. At the same time. Adolescents are in an important period of life. Their ego-identity develops  through this period. It has the important theoretical value and the practical implication  to explore the relationship between ego-identity and Internet addiction in  adolescents.  Provide evidence for prevention and treatment of Internet addiction.
In the context of  the Internet environment,“adolescents’ identity experiments” refers to a series of actions conducted via the internet whereby adolescents construct identity through self-representation and self-exploration. Many factors induce adolescents to carry out their identity experiments on the internet, such as the perceived advantages of online communication, adolescents’  personality, identity status, motivation and so on. Adolescents experiment with their identity in synchronous chatting, on social networking sites and through online games, all of which make significant contributions to their identity development.  It is  important  to explore the relationship between ego-identity and online identity experiment in adolescents. 
First. The level of internet addiction correlates students’gender. We  find statistically significant difference in the  rate of Internet addiction  for both genders.  The rate of Internet addiction of women is higher  than men.  
Second. The level of internet addiction correlates students’grades. we  find statistically significant difference in the  rate of Internet addiction  per grade.  From primary school to college, Internet addiction rate is obviously rising.  The primary school Internet addiction rate is the lowest, the college of the highest rate of Internet addiction. 
  Subjects of this paper consist  of  students  from  elementary schools,  Junior middle schools,  high  schools,  and  colleges  in Ningxia, Jilin  and Fujian provinces. Taking gender, grade and region (urban area and suburb) as sub-layer variable, this paper collects 2003 students, by random sampling.2003 students are measured in this research with< Internet Addiction Disorder Diagnosis Scale> ,< Ego-Identity Scale> and< Online Identity Exploration Scale >, the results are as the following.
Third．The detection rate of different ego identity status of internet addiction had statistical significance. The rate of Internet addiction of students in identity diffusion status is highest. 
Fourth. The level of online identity exploration correlates students’gender. We find statistically significant difference in the  online identity  exploration  scores  for both genders. The online identity exploration scores of men is higher than women inpositive external dimension and negative internal   dimension. 
Fifth.  The positive dimension scores of different ego identity status of  online identity exploration Scale had statistical significance in college students. The college students  of  lower  ego identity status do more active  identity exploration  on  the internet.