健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

目的：探索反社会型人格偏离青少年在＂雨中人＂绘画中的压力应对特征。方法：对北京市3所中学的683名中学生进行问卷调查,采用人格障碍诊断问卷（PDQ-4＋）中的反社会型人格障碍分量表来评定青少年的反社会型人格偏离,借助＂雨中人＂绘画（DAPR）测验分析青少年压力应对的绘画特征。通过反社会型的分量表分筛选出反社会型人格偏离阳性组43人（反社会型分量表分≥5）,阴性组519人（反社会型分量表分〈5）。对性别（男生270人,女生292人）,年级（初中280人,高中282人）,是否单亲（单亲45人,非单亲509人）进行分组,以探讨青少年反社会型人格偏离的人口学因素特点。依据反社会型人格偏离青少年的压力应对模式筛选出10项可能反映此类青少年压力应对相关的绘画特征,并分析青少年反社会型人格偏离阳性组和阴性组在这些绘画特征上的差异。结果：青少年在PDQ4＋中反社会型人格分量表的得分在性别、年级、单亲因素上差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果表明7项绘画特征更有可能反映反社会型人格偏离青少年的压力应对主题,解释水平Nagelkerke R2=0.26。其中有反社会型人格偏离的青少年在压力应对主题中会更多的出现画面过小（OR=4.06,95%CI：1.62~10.17）、遮住的脸（OR=9.07,95%CI：1.36~60.5）、有闪电（OR=3.25,95%CI：1.05~10.11）、无地面线（OR=3.96,95%CI：1.66~9.45）、手叉口袋（OR=4.06,95%CI：1.62~10.17）5项绘画特征;更少的出现笔画压力轻（OR=0.31,95%CI：0.11~0.88）和有打伞（OR=0.17,95%CI：0.07~0.43）2项绘画特征。结论：雨中人绘画中的画面过小、笔画压力轻、遮住的脸、有闪电、无地面线、有打伞、手叉口袋等7项绘画特征可能与反社会型人格偏离的青少年的压力应对主题有关。

Objective： To explore the characteristics of Draw-a-Person-in-the-Rain（ DAPR） which reflecting the stress coping in teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction. Methods： Totally 683 teenager students in Beijing w ere involved in the current study. The Antisocial Personality Diagnostic（ APD） sub-scale of Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 ＋（ PDQ- 4 ＋） w as used to assess the antisocial personality dysfunction of teenagers. The Draw-a-Person-in-the-Rain（ DAPR） w as used to analyze the draw ing characteristics about stress coping topic of teenagers. Depending on assessment criteria of APD subscale,43 teenagers w ere classified into the positive group w hile the other 519 teenagers w ere classified into the negative group. The 2 groups w ere divided by gender（ 270 males,292 females）,grade（ 280 junior high school students,282 senior high school students） and w hether w ith single parents（ 45 individuals w ith single parents,509 individuals w ithout single parents） to investigate the demographic factors of teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction. 10 draw ing characteristics w ere selected through the stress coping style mode of teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction, further, w e analyzed the differences betw een the positive group and the negative group in the draw ing characteristics. Results： There w ere no significant differences betw een the teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction and those w ithout antisocial personality dysfunction in gender, grade and single parent dimensions（ Ps 0. 05）. The logistic equation analysis show ed 7draw ings characteristics could w ell predict the stress coping topic of teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction,and the equation w as verified to have an acceptable level of diagnosis ability（ Nagelkerke R2= 0. 26）. Further,compared w ith their peers, teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction show ed a more frequency of smaller picture（ OR = 4. 06,95% CI： 1. 62- 10. 17）,masked face（ OR = 9. 07,95% CI： 1. 36- 60. 5）,flashing lighting（ OR= 3. 25,95% CI： 1. 05- 10. 11）,no baseline（ OR = 3. 96,95% CI： 1. 66- 9. 45）,hands in pockets（ OR = 4. 06,95%CI： 1. 62- 10. 17） and a less frequency of slight draw ing（ OR = 0. 31,95% CI： 0. 11- 0. 88）,w ith umbrella（ OR =0. 17,95% CI： 0. 07- 0. 43） in their draw ing characteristics about stress coping topic. Conclusion： It suggests that 7draw ing characteristics of Draw-a-Person-in-the-Rain（ DAPR）,such as smaller picture,masked face,flashing lighting,no ground baseline,hands in pockets,slight draw ing and w ith umbrella,may be correlated w ith the stress coping mechanism of teenagers w ith antisocial personality dysfunction.