中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的 考察父母教养方式与儿童自我控制发展的关系.方法 采用分层整群抽样,选取五个省份共1 531名3~11岁儿童,使用自我控制双系统量表和父母教养方式量表进行调查,并对数据进行了共同方法偏差检验.结果 (1)各变量间不存在共同方法偏差;(2)男孩在自控系统上得分[(31.66±5.95)分]低于女孩[(32.91±5.49)分],而在冲动系统得分[(43.19±8.32)分]高于女孩[(41.96±8.32)分],均差异有统计学意义(t=4.071,P<0.01;t=2.226,P=0.027);(3)儿童在控制系统上的得分与父母教养方式的溺爱、冷漠、专制和不一致得分的负相关具有统计学意义(r=-0.054~-0.174,P<0.05),与父母教养方式的民主得分的正相关具有统计学意义(r=0.231,r=0.243,P<0.05);儿童在冲动系统上的得分与父母教养方式的溺爱、冷漠、专制和不一致得分的正相关具有统计学意义(r=0.116~0.195,P<0.05),与父母教养方式的民主得分的负相关具有统计学意义(r=-0.107,r=-0.108,P<0.05);(4)在控制了儿童性别和年龄两个变量后,父亲民主(β=0.120)、父亲不一致(β=-0.159)、母亲民主(β=0.188)与儿童自控系统的关系具有统计学意义(R2adj=0.107,P<0.05);父亲专制(β=0.070)、父亲不一致(β=0.136)、母亲民主(β=-0.063)、母亲专制(β=0.099)、母亲不一致(β=0.061)与儿童冲动系统的关系具有统计学意义(R2adj=0.082,P<0.05).结论 父母教养方式与儿童的自我控制具有密切关系,父亲与母亲教养方式各维度对儿童自我控制双系统的影响作用具有特异性.

Objective To study the effect of parenting styles on the children' s self-control,and distinguish the influence between father and mother.Methods The present study selected 1 531 children (766 girls) between 3-10 years old.Data on parenting style were collected by parenting style questionnaire,while data on children' s self-control were measured by dual-system of self-control scale.Principal component analysis was conducted to examine common method bias.Results (1) No common method bias was found in this study.(2) Boys scored (31.66±5.95) on control system lower than girls (32.91±5.49),t=4.071,P〈 0.01,but they had higher scores (43.19±8.32) on impulsive system than girls (41.96±8.32),t=2.226,P=0.027.(3)The associations of children's self-control scores with parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significant (r=-0.054~-0.174,P〈0.05),while it correlated positively with parents' democratic style (r=0.231,r=0.243,P〈0.05).The correlation between children's impulsive system scores and parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significantly positive (r=0.116-0.195,P〈0.05),while its associations with parents' democratic style were significant (r=-0.107,r=-0.108,P〈0.05).(4) As controlling children's age and sex,father democracy (β=0.120),inconsistency (β=-0.159),and mother democracy (β=0.188) were significantly correlated with children' s self-control (R 2adj =0.107,P〈0.05).Father despotism (β=0.070),inconsistency (β=0.136),mother's democracy (β=-0.063),despotism (β=0.099) and inconsistency (β=0.061) significantly predicted children's impulsive system (R 2adj =0.082,P〈0.05).Conclusion Each dimension of self-control and parenting style is high correlation.Father and mother's different rearing traits and the combination of different rearing traits contributed variously to children' s self-control system.

国家自然科学基金项目(31400885);中国科学院心理健康重点实验室经费资助(KLMH2014ZG12)