中国科学院心理健康重点实验室知识库

目的了解父母教养方式对青少年问题行为及性别差异的影响。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,于2007年9月—2008年4月,在北京市18个区随机抽取1 387名青少年进行一般情况、父母教养方式、问题行为的问卷调查。结果男生问题行为水平为(13.29±11.39)分,明显高于女生的(11.86±9.91)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.92,P<0.01);父母教养方式的4个维度得分依次为母亲温暖(25.12±5.91)分、母亲监管(23.37±6.65)分、父亲温暖(25.37±4.91)分、父亲监管(22.33±6.54)分,均高于男生的(23.86±6.11)、(22.30±6.78)、(23.53±5.40)、(20.81±6.50)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);问题行为与父母教养方式中的母亲温暖(r=-0.27,P<0.01)、母亲监管(r=-0.31,P<0.01)、父亲温暖(r=-0.28,P<0.01)、父亲监管(r=-0.30,P<0.01)4个维度均呈明显负相关;性别在父母教养方式与问题行为之间无调节作用(P>0.05)。结论男生应该得到与女生同样的父母关注和关心,以减少问题行为的发生。

To examine the influence of parenting style and gender disparity on adolescent problem behaviors．Methods With random cluster sampling，1 387 adolescents aged 10 － 18 years were selected from 18 districts of Beijing municipality and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the adolescents and their parents selected from September 2007 to April 2008． Ｒesults The male adolescents had a significantly higher score for problem behaviors than the female adolescents( 13. 29 ± 11. 39 vs. 11. 86 ± 9. 91) ( t = 2. 92，P ＜ 0. 01) ． Compared to the male adolescents， the female adolescents had significantly higher scores for the four domains of parenting style of maternal warmth ( 25. 12 ±5. 91 vs. 23. 86 ±6. 11) ，maternal monitoring ( 23. 37 ±6. 65 vs. 22. 30 ±6. 78)，fatherly warmth( 25. 37 ±4. 91 vs. 23. 53 ±5. 40) ，and fatherly monitoring( 22. 33 ± 6. 54 vs. 20. 81 ± 6. 50) ( all P ＜ 0. 01) ． Adolescents’problem behaviors were significantly correlated reveresely with the four domains of parenting style of maternal warmth( r = － 0. 27，P ＜ 0. 01) ，maternal monitoring( r = － 0. 31，P ＜ 0. 01) ，f atherly warmth ( r = － 0. 28，P ＜ 0. 01 ) ，and fatherly monitoring ( r = － 0. 30，P ＜ 0. 01) ． No moderating effect of gender disparity on the relationship between parenting style and problem behaviors was observed among the adolescents( P ＞ 0. 05) ． Conclusion The same parental attention and concern should be paid to adolescent boys as to the girls to reduce the occurrence of problem behaviors among the boys.