中国科学院行为科学重点实验室知识库

本文从可能性和可行性两方面介绍和论述了眼动技术在个体认知能力差异研究中的应用。在可能性方面,个体眼动特征具有的良好的重测信度和内部一致性信度;在可行性方面,已有研究利用注视和眼跳相关指标、眼动轨迹和瞳孔直径这三类指标对该问题进行探索,结果均发现这些眼动特征与认知能力之间存在着密切关系。今后研究应继续深入探索两者关系的内在认知和神经机制,并尝试结合人工智能算法开发高信效度的眼动认知测验。

Eye-movement technique has been widely used in the studies of cognitive psychology. The application of eye-movement technique in studying individual differences in cognitive ability has also attracted researchers’ attention. Previous studies have successfully identified individuals with psychological disorders(such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia) by using eye-movement analysis. Whether eye-movement characteristics can accurately reflect the cognitive ability of normal people is worth exploring. In this review, we first introduced the good reliability of individuals’ eye-movement characteristics. Studies indicated that eye-movement characteristics had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability, which laid the foundation for using eye-movement characteristics to measure cognitive abilities. Subsequently, we systematically summarized the relationship between eye-movement characteristics and cognitive abilities from three aspects: fixation and saccade related indicators, scan patterns, and pupil size. These studies provided substantial evidence that eye-movement characteristics could reflect individuals’ cognitive abilities such as intelligence and working memory. To be specific, individuals with high cognitive abilities showed more efficient information processing in eye-movement tasks such as visual searching and reading, reflecting in longer saccade amplitude and lower proportion of long fixation duration. In intelligence tests, individuals with high cognitive abilities tended to select more efficient strategies according to the test’s rules. Take Raven’s advanced progressive matrices test as an example, high intelligence individuals spent longer time on encoding the problem and demonstrated less toggling rate between problem area and response alternatives area. In addition, studies focusing on scan patterns developed powerful quantitative analysis tools in recent years, which brings new vitality to qualitative scan patterns. These studies found that indicators based

中国科学院“率先行动”计划特色研究所项目（TSS-2015-06）的资助