| 其他摘要 | Depression is the main negative emotion of middle school students, which seriously affects the development of their study, life and interpersonal skills. It is found that cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a significant role in negative life events and depression, and the overuseness of non adaptive regulatory strategies plays a more important role in psychopathology such as depression. Therefore, some researchers suggest that the occurrence of depression may be related to the insufficient use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) emphasizes that cognitive restructuring of cognitive distortions is an important step to alleviate depression. Cognitive restructuring is a process of identifying and correcting maladjusted cognitive distortions, and eventually forming alternative adaptive cognition. Previous studies using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire have initially found that the emotional regulation defects of depressed individuals are related to the overuse of maladjusted cognitive strategies and the insufficient use of adaptive cognitive strategies. However, few studies have explored the following questions: “do depressed individuals have cognitive restructuring reaction defects in CBT” and “are they consistent with the measurement results of cognitive emotional strategies?”.The present study aimed to observe whether senior high school students with depression have deficits of cognitive restructuring by using Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and micro-counseling dialogues task. June 2018 a random sample of 360 senior two students from a key high school and an ordinary high school in Henan Province, Patient/Health(depression) questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screened out the depressed group (52 students) and the normal group (55 students). Then they were asked to complete the micro-counseling dialogues task, true question with metaphor solution, true question with non-metaphor solution and pseudo question with metaphor solution.This study consists of two studies, 360 senior two students from a key high school and an ordinary high school in Henan Province were randomly selected. 180 students were selected from key high school and ordinary high school respectively, and 90 boys and girls from each high school. study 1 investigated the depression degree of senior two students in the two weeks before the examination and the using characteristics of cognitive restructuring of senior two students with different depression levels by using PHQ-9 questionnaire and the concise version of CERQ 18, so as to provide behavioral patterns and basis for the reactive defects in subsequent cognitive restructuring tasks. A total of 360 questionnaires were collected, of which 348 were valid. In the second study, According to the survey results of study 1, the subjects with the score of the top 15% and the score of the patient / Health (depression) questionnaire PHQ-9 > 11 were included in the depression group; the subjects with the score of the last 15% and the score of PHQ-9 < 4 were included in the normal group, including 52 in the depression group and 55 in the normal group. The depression group and the normal group completed the task of text micro-counseling dialogues cognitive restructuring respectively, and to explore whether there are defects in the responsiveness of cognitive restructuring task between the depression group and the normal group. The measurement tools included patient / Health (depression) questionnaire (PHQ-9), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and the text micro-counseling dialogues cognitive restructuring task. The results of study 1 show that there are no significant differences in the degree of depression and the total scores of each adaptive dimension of cognitive emotion regulation and the total score of adaptability dimension, but there is a significant negative correlation between the degree of depression and the total score of cognitive reappraisal, planning and adaptability of cognitive emotion regulation. In the second study, we found that there were significant differences in the total scores of positive reappraisal, planning and adaptability between the depression group and the normal group, but there was no significant difference in the positive refocusing dimension, suggesting that individuals in the depression group may have defects in the use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. When using text micro counseling cognitive restructuring task, the main effect of group on emotional positivity, novelty and usefulness was significant, while that of depression group was significantly lower than that of normal group. The main effect of task type on emotional positivity, insight, novelty and usefulness was significant, that is, true question metaphor condition was significantly higher than pseudo question with metaphor condition in emotional positivity; the interaction between the two was significant under the condition of true question-metaphor and true question-non metaphor, the depression group was significantly higher than the normal group.In conclusion, the scores of positive reappraisal and planning dimensions in the depression group were significantly lower than those in the normal group, and the scores of emotional positivity, novelty and usefulness in the three types of tasks were significantly lower than those in the normal group, indicating that the cognitive restructuring defects of depressed individuals are not only manifested in the characteristics of cognitive restructuring, but also in the responsiveness of cognitive restructuring tasks. |
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