| 其他摘要 | The Jingkang Incident in the Song Dynasty dividing it into the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, and triggered the third southward migration in Chinese history. Most modern historians tend to regard the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty as the same historical period, but some scholars pointed out that the Southern Song Dynasty had important social transformations. What about the difference? Since social culture and the psychological changes are interactive, the social differences inevitably impacted on the group psychology, which can be expressed through the language, so we taking the group psychology as the research object, and explores the psychological and semantic changes of the scholar groups in Song Dynasties.
For the study of scholars in Song Dynasties, the previous research methods were mainly based on historical data, lacking quantitative empirical research. For a better understanding of the social differences between the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, this paper uses the classical Chinese Big Data analysis technology and the ancient text analysis tool CC-LIWC to crawl the self-expressive texts of the scholar groups from the Internet for word frequency statistics and quantitative analysis of the psychological vocabulary, that is, the mean (M) of the two groups of ancient text data samples are compared, thus obtaining the differentiated psychologically related words between the two scholars groups.
Based on the quantitatively statistics of CC-LIWC, this paper aims to explore the differences in the psychological characteristics and value orientations of the scholar groups in the Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasties based on psychological semantics, and combine the social background to analyze the reasons for this difference. The main research results are as follows:
(1) The first study is based on private manuscripts of scholars in the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties gaining 9 significant differences vocabularies. The main research results are, the pronoun words shows the more prosperous social culture of the Northern-Song scholars; the interrogative words shows Northern-Song scholars prefered questioning and discussion; the work words shows Southern-Song scholars paid less attention to work; the male words shows Northern-Song scholars paid more attention to reproduction; the body words shows Southern-Song scholars were very fancy of self-cultivation.
(2) The second study is based on the memorandum text of the scholar groups in the Northern and Southern Dynasties gaining 55 significant differences vocabularies. The main research results are, the function words shows the more active social interaction of the Southern-Song scholars; the interrogative words, gap words, difference words and hesitant words show the thinking of the Southern-Song scholars is more conflicted; the angry and death words show the negative psychology of grief and indignation among the Southern-Song scholars; The work words, power words, affiliation words and achievement words show the Southern-Song scholars paid less attention to the career, but still focused on personal achievement; the body words shows the Southern-Song scholars concern for their own body and mind; the positive emotion words and entertainment words show the Southern-Song scholars maintained a positive attitude towards life.
(3) The third study is based on the private manuscripts of scholar groups in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. By comparing the usage frequency of the Confucian keywords”Benevolence (Ren)",”Righteousness (Yi)",”Manners (Li)",”Wisdom (Zhi)" and”Credit (Xin)", we found that, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the usage frequency of "Li" was significantly lower, the usage frequency of "Ren" and "Yi" are relatively high, and the usage frequency of "Zhi" and "Xin" related to inherent value tendencies are also higher than that of "Li", which shows that the Southern-Song scholar group emphasized the internalized moral concepts.
(4) The fourth Study is based on the private manuscripts of Han and Song dynasties groups gaining 43 significant differences vocabularies. The main research results are, the cognitive process words such as insight words and causal words show the Song scholars had more active and richer thinking; the focuspresent words show the positive attitude of Song scholars; the work words and reward words show the Song scholars had a stronger working willingness.
Based on the above four research results, we can found that there are differences in the social activity, working willingness, life mentality, personal concern and thinking between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty scholars. And the psychological differences are consistent with the historical social background.
In this paper, the psychological semantic difference analysis method based on classical Chinese Big Data technology connects the captured subtle changes into a psychological flow, which is more helpful to explore the group differences by the evolution of social culture, not only to make up for the lack of reliance on breakpoint information in previous studies, but also has enhanced the objectivity of quantitative analysis of group differences between the two the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. |
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