| 其他摘要 | As an integral part of daily work and life, commute is regarded as the most important purpose in transportation and a key transportation research topic. Previously, most studies explored the negative effects of commute, while its positive effects, "commute enjoyment", remain to be discussed. To measure commute positive utility, commute enjoyment is an important indicator, as significant as commute stress associated with commute negative utility in the research system of commute feeling and impact. Since previous studies are mainly dominated by research on the impact of commute time on job and life satisfaction, the mediating role of commuting stress has been studied, however, whether there is commuting enjoyment in the process of commuting, and how it relates to commuting time; and in the context of commuting in China's major cities, commuting enjoyment and stress, whether there is mediating effect between commuting time and satisfaction of work and life, are all remain to be verified. To answer these questions, enriching the existing commuting research system, we conducted three studies.
In Study One, based on over 800 cross-sectional questionnaire samples in four first-tier cities in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, the Bootstrap method was employed to further explore the impact of commute time on job and life satisfaction, mediated by commute stress and commute enjoyment. The results show that commute time is negatively correlated with job and life satisfaction, and there is significant complete mediation of commute stress in the prediction of commute time on job and life satisfaction. That is, with the increase in commute time, commute stress goes up，leading to a decrease in job and life satisfaction. But the role of commute enjoyment is not consistent with the hypothesis. Our research shows that with the increase of commute time, commute enjoyment decreases, which leads to the decrease of work and life satisfaction. By studying the moderating effect of children's status, we found that children's status was no regulatory effect, and people with children had higher commute enjoyment.
In Study Two, based on the inter-individual level, the relationship between commuting time, commuting stress and enjoyment and job and life satisfaction was further investigated, we conducted an experience sampling method involving nearly 300 participants for two weeks (10 working days), which helped confirm the relationship between commute time, commute stress, commute enjoyment, and job-life satisfaction. In agreement with the results of the study one, it further confirms the impact of commute time on job and life satisfaction, and as commute time increases, commute enjoyment decreases, resulting in a decrease in work and life satisfaction;; However, the mediating role of commuting stress is unclear. Through further research, it is also found that adjustment of children's condition was not significant, and people with children enjoy commuting more.
This study, which developed a tool for measuring commute positive utility and combined cross-sectional and experience sampling methods, found that commute time is negatively correlated with job and life satisfaction, and as commute time increases, commute enjoyment decreases, resulting in a decrease in work and life satisfaction, also people with children enjoy commuting more, which contributes to the current commute utility research and elevates the existing research system of commute effects. Finally, the paper offers suggestions on how to reduce commute time and stress while improving commute enjoyment from the aspects of improving jobs-housing balance, the efficiency of transportation services, and the commute environment. |
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