健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

短视频的过度使用给用户带来了身心健康、社会功能的负面影响。以往研究发现人格和使用动机是特定网络行为的重要诱发因素，在使用障碍前期和后期都发挥重要的作用。当前研究多关注了单一因素或维度对短视频过度使用的影响，但人格因子的交互作用、各风险因素的累积效应还不明确，而且大多以青少年为研究对象，未能从成年人用户视角把握短视频用户使用的现状和形成机制，而成年人用户才是短视频使用的主力军。

基于此，论文以短视频的成年人用户为研究对象，采用问卷法，利用《短 视频使用动机量表》、《短视频使用行为量表》、《简式 UPPS-P 冲动性行为量表》、《简版大五人格量表-20 题》和《短视频成瘾量表》，不仅关注独立人格因子在短视频过度使用的作用，还采取人格潜在剖面分析方法探索短视频过度使用的易感人群的人格特征分布，深入了解易感群体的个体特质，并结合使用动机和使用行为研究影响用户产生短视频过度使用的因素，希望以此甄别短视频过度使用的易感因素或群体，并对短视频过度使用的防治提供有效帮助。

本研究通过滚雪球的方式对短视频成年人用户进行线上问卷调查，共收回

1161 份问卷，排查回答未不使用短视频，以及未通过测谎题及回答时间过段的样本，得到有效问卷回复 831 份，问卷有效率为 72%。样本覆盖一线城市、其他省会城市及地级市等，年龄在 18 岁和 75 岁之间。

问题一的研究通过 Mplus 进行中介分析，探索大五人格、冲动性与短视频过度使用的关系，及使用动机和使用行为在大五人格、冲动性和短视频过度使用的中介作用。结果发现：神经质和冲动性是短视频过度使用的高风险因素，责任心是短视频过度使用的保护因素，开放性和宜人性与短视频过度使用负相关，而外倾性水平并不能直接预测短视频过度使用。使用动机和行为在神经质与短视频过度使用中并无中介效应，在其他人格因子与短视频过度使用的中介作用上，认知需求降低了短视频过度使用的风险，而参与行为和生产行为越多，越不容易过度使用。同一个人格水平下的不同使用动机或行为，对短视频过度使用的作用也不同，如宜人性通过增加娱乐需求，增加了短视频过度使用的风险，但也通过加强认知需求、生产行为而降低了过度使用的可能性。

问题二的研究利用潜在剖面分析探索短视频过度使用人格剖面的差异，并基于人格剖面做中介分析，检验使用动机和使用行为在人格剖面和短视频过度使用的中介作用。结果显示三种人格剖面类型，其中冲动性、神经质水平最高，开放性、宜人性和责任心水平最低，外倾性中等的人格剖面为过度使用高危组，而冲动性、神经质最低，开放性、外倾性、宜人性和责任心最高的人格剖面为低危组；认知需求、参与行为和生产行为在三类人格剖面与短视频过度使用的中介作用有显著差异；其中，外倾性可能是造成三个人格剖面的参与行为显著差异的重要因素。

结论：研究显示了人格特征对短视频过度使用的重要作用，人格特征、人格剖面是预测短视频过度使用的关键因素。此外，使用动机和使用行为在人格特征与短视频过度使用中具有中介作用。在短视频使用中，个体可以通过减少娱乐需求，增加满足认知需求的使用，或增加参与行为、生产行为，从而降低短视频过度使用的风险。个体、家庭或行业工作者，可以依此识别短视频过度使用的易感因素或群体，培养个体的健全人格，明确使用动机，培养良好的使用习惯，减少短视频过度使用。

Abstract: The over excessive behavior towards short-form video causes physical, psychological and social problems. It has been suggested that personality traits and motivation are important predisposing factors of specific internet behaviors, which play an important role in the early and later stages of use disorder. Adult users are the majority of short video users. However, the previous studies mostly focus on the influence of individual factor or dimension on short video excessive use, the interaction of personality traits and the cumulative effect of various risk factors are not fully clear yet. And most of the research examined adolescent users, without full picture or mechanism of short form video excessive use in adult stage.

This research conducted two studies with adult users by questionaries, including

Short Video Motivation Scale, Short Video Behavior Scale, Short Version of UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Mini-IPIP -20 items Chinese Version and Short Video Addiction Scale. It aims to examine personality traits to short video excessive use, as well as mediating role of motivation and behavior. This is done not only from individual personality but also personality latent profile. The findings will support to identify the susceptible factors or groups, and help for prevention and treatment of short video excessive use.

Total 1161 questionnaire answers are collected from adults by snowball and sampling method. After being reviewed, 831 samples are judged as valid because some failed to pass test items or without using show video. These covers age of 18 to 75 , locates from fist-class cities, capital or prefecture level cities.

By mediation effect analysis of Mplus 8, this study explores the correlation between big five personality, impulsivity and short video excessive use, as well as the mediation role of motivation and behavior. The results show neuroticism and impulsivity are highly risky factor of short video excessive use, conscientiousness is a protective factor, openness and agreeableness are negative correlated short video excessive use, but extraversion appears to be not correlated. Motivations and behaviors play no mediation role between neuroticism and short video excessive use. Among other personality traits and short video excessive use, cognitive motivation decrease risk to excessive use, whereas participating or producing behavior reduces the risk. It also shows different motivations or behaviors at the same personality have different effects on short video excessive use. For example, agreeableness increases the risk of short video excessive use by more entertainment motivation, but also reduces the risk of excessive use by strengthening cognitive motivation and producing behaviors.

By latent profile analysis, this study explores the personality profile toward short video excessive use, and examines the mediation role of motivation and behavior between them. The results show there are three personality profiles. The most-risky excessive use group are with high level of neuroticism and impulsivity, low openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, and medium extraversion, whereas least-risky excessive use group are with low impulsivity and neuroticism, and high openness, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The mediation role of cognitive motivation, participating and producing behavior are significant among three personality profiles. And extraversion appears to be the key factor of this significance.

It is concluded by the study that personality traits play important role of short video excessive use. Both single personality trait or profile are key factors to predicting the excessive use. In addition, motivation and behavior play mediator role between the personality traits and short video excessive use. Individuals may reduce the risk to be additive with less entertainment and business motivation, or more cognitive motivation, participating and producing behaviors. According to this, individuals, families or workers may identify the susceptible factors or groups, and reduce the risk to excessive use by cultivating personality characteristics, well-defined positive motivation and proper usage habit.