健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

大学生是国家发展的后备力量，然而目前大学生的心理健康状况不容乐观。由于学业、就业等压力情况产生，大学生出现了焦虑、抑郁、悲观厌世、睡眠障碍等心理问题。研究表明，自然环境能对人的身心健康产生很多积极影响，即使短暂的接触自然环境也可以缓解焦虑、抑郁、压力的症状，然而，很多人却低估自然环境对人身心健康的影响，不愿与之产生联结。现有研究中，少有针对自然联结与心理健康两者之间内在机制的研究。本研究运用混合研究方法中的探索性序列设计研究，旨在深入探讨自然联结对大学生心理健康状况的影响，并进一步考察心理韧性和生命意义感在其中的内在机制。力求为理解自然环境与个体心理 健康之间的关联提供更加全面的视角，为促进大学生心理健康教育及干预措施的设计提供理论依据与实践指导。

研究一：运用质性研究方法，采用随机取样方式对 22 名大学生进行半结构式访谈，深入探索大学生与自然联结的经历与体验，了解其如何应对困境，以及对生命意义的理解和体验，同时了解接触自然对心理健康水平产生的影响，并且采用叙事研究方法探究个体与自然接触的经历。使用 maxQDA 2022 软件进行质性编码，核心范畴为自然联结体验，包含接触自然的态度、接触自然的频率、接触自然的方式、与自然的关系 4 个概念范畴；自然联结对处理困境的影响，包括面对困难的态度、遇到困境的处理方式、接触自然帮助应对困境、面对困难的意义 4 个概念范畴；自然联结与生命意义，包含有意义、寻找中和没有意义 3 个概 念范畴；自然联结对心理健康的影响，包括积极和消极两个概念范畴。叙事研究法发现了不同大学生之间独特性，发现大学生与自然环境接触越多，越积极乐观，同时发现应对困境的能力和对目标、生命意义的理解在其中的影响机制。

研究二：在研究一的基础上，采用量化研究方法，通过随机方式使用问卷星平台向山东省、广东省、新疆维吾尔自治区、河北省、天津市等多所高校在校大 学生和研究生进行线上问卷调查，有效问卷 703 份。问卷包括人口学信息、自然联结量表(CNS)、Connor-Davidson 心理韧性量表简版(CD-RISC-10)、生命意义感量表中文修订版(MLQ-C)、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表(DASS-21)，探索自然联结对大学生心理健康的影响，以及心理韧性和生命意义感的链式中介作用机制。使用SPSS 26.0 软件对数据进行描述性统计、共同方法偏差检测、回归分析、中介效应Bootstrap 检验等数据测算，结果表明，自然联结、心理韧性、生命意义感和心理健康水平得分之间两两相关(r=-0.434~0.579, p<0.01)；中介模型检验结果显示，自然联结对心理健康具有显著的直接效应；心理韧性及生命意义感均在自然联结和心理健康之间发挥了显著的中介作用；从自然联结到心理健康的路径中，心理韧性至生命意义感的链式中介作用也显著，效应量为 15.38%。

综上，本研究得出结论：

第一，大学生对接触自然的态度、频率、与自然之间的关系认知方面存在差 异。大学生的身份不同，所面对的困境不同，对目标和生命意义的理解不同。生命意义感与个人经历和自我意识有关，需要调整视角反思，将外部经验内化。

第二，自然联结、心理韧性、生命意义感和大学生心理健康之间存在显著关 联。

第三，自然联结直接影响大学生心理健康水平；心理韧性、生命意义感在自然联结和大学生心理健康的关系间发挥了链式中介作用。

促进大学生的心理健康水平，应考虑将提升自然联结水平，增强大学生面对困境的能力以及生命的意义纳入干预方案。

College students represent the backbone of national development; however, their current mental health status is concerning. Academic and employment pressures have contributed to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, pessimism, and sleep disorders among college students. Studies indicate natural environments can exert numerous positive influences on mental and physical health, even brief exposure to nature can alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress. However, many people underestimate the beneficial effects of natural environments and are reluctant to engage with them. In the existing research, there are few studies focusing on the internal mechanism between nature connectedness and mental health. This study adopts the exploratory sequential design in the mixed - research method, aiming to thoroughly explore the impact of nature connectedness on the mental health status of college students and further examine the internal mechanisms of resilience and meaning in life therein. It endeavors to provide a more comprehensive perspective for understanding the association between the natural environment and the individual's mental health and offer theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting mental health education and the design of intervention measures for college students.

Study One: Qualitative research methods were employed. A semi - structured interview was conducted among 22 college students using a random sampling method to deeply explore the experiences of college students' connection with nature. Their ways of coping with difficulties, as well as their understanding and experiences of the meaning of life were investigated. Meanwhile, the impact of contact with nature on the level of mental health was examined, and narrative research methods were used to explore individuals' experiences of contact with nature. Qualitative coding was performed using maxQDA 2022 software. The core category is the experience of nature connectedness, which includes four conceptual categories: attitude towards contact with nature, frequency of contact with nature, way of contact with nature, and relationship with nature; the impact of nature connectedness on dealing with difficulties, including four conceptual categories: attitude towards difficulties, way of dealing with difficulties when encountering them, contact with nature helping to cope with difficulties, and the meaning of facing difficulties; nature connectedness and meaning in life, including three conceptual categories: meaningful, in - search - of - meaning, and meaningless; the impact of nature connectedness on mental health, including two conceptual categories: positive and negative. Narrative research methods have revealed the uniqueness among different college students. It has been found that the more college students are in contact with the natural environment, the more positive and optimistic they are. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of the ability to cope with difficulties and the understanding of goals and the meaning of life has been identified.

Study Two: On the basis of Study One, a quantitative survey was administered online via SurveyStar to undergraduate and graduate students from multiple colleges in Shandong Province, Guangdong Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Hebei Province, and Tianjin Municipality and so on. A total of 703 valid responses were collected. The survey instruments included demographic information, the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS), the brief version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire-Chinese Version (MLQ-C), and the Depression, Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, encompassing descriptive statistics, common method bias detection, regression analysis, and Bootstrap testing for mediation effects. Results indicated significant correlations between nature connectedness, resilience, meaning in life, and mental health (r = -0.434 to 0.579, p < 0.01). The findings from the mediation model analysis indicate that nature connectedness exerts a significant direct effect on mental health. Furthermore, both resilience and meaning in life exhibit significant mediating roles between nature connectedness and mental health. Notably, the sequential mediating effect, progressing from nature connectedness through resilience to meaning in life, and ultimately to mental health, is also significant, with an effect size of 15.38%.

In summary, the findings suggest:

(1) There exist differences among college students in terms of their attitudes towards contact with nature, the frequency of such contact, and their cognitive understanding of the relationship with nature. College students with different identities face distinct difficulties and have different understandings of their goals and the meaning of life. Meaning in life is related to personal experiences and self-awareness, and it is necessary to adjust perspectives for reflection and internalize external experiences.

(2) There are significant correlations among nature connectedness, resilience, meaning in life, and the mental health of college students.

(3) Nature connectedness directly influences the mental health level of college students. Meanwhile, resilience and meaning in life play a chained mediating role in the relationship between nature connectedness and the mental health of college students.

Interventions aimed at enhancing nature connectedness among college students could potentially improve their capacity to cope with adversities and establish a sense of purpose, thereby promoting mental health.