健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

随着网络技术和市场经济的高速发展，人们面对着前所未有的挑战，来自人际、学业、就业、经济、价值观等方面的压力和冲突，极易诱发人们的抑郁情绪，影响人们的社会功能和主观幸福感。对于抑郁情绪的预防和干预，急需适合当下情境的满足大众需求的可及性、经济性、私密性良好的简单、便捷的干预措施。根据接纳与承诺疗法（Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT）的理论，人类的心理痛苦来源于其心理僵化。ACT 心理僵化模型由认知融合、经验性回避、脱离当前、概念化自我、价值观不明、以及行为无效这六个核心成分所组成，其中认知融合和经验性回避被认为是 ACT 心理僵化模型的基石。认知融合是指人类行为受限于思维内容的倾向，该倾向使人们的行为受到语言法则和认知评价的过度控制，而非此时此刻的直接情境的有效指导，使得人们以非建设性的行为方 式进行应对。经验性回避是指人们不愿与其所厌恶的个体内部经验保持接触（内部经验包括躯体感觉、情绪、想法、记忆、表象和行为倾向等），试图改变这些自身内部经验在脑海中出现的频率、形式、以及引发它们的情境的倾向。既往研究一致发现认知融合、经验性回避与抑郁情绪之间呈两两显著正相关。然而，认知融合、经验性回避和抑郁情绪之间的相互作用机制尚不清晰，认知融合和经验性回避如何相互影响，进而影响抑郁情绪的内部机制需要进一步探索，有必要通 过纵向调查研究和干预研究进行实证研究。

目的：本研究旨在通过纵向调查研究和干预研究探索经验性回避在认知融合与抑郁情绪之间，以及认知融合在经验性回避和抑郁情绪之间的中介作用。

方法：本研究一对 291 名大学生进行间隔一个月的 3 次调查，采用接纳与行动问卷、认知融合问卷和抑郁自评量表收集数据，使用 SPSS 29.0 软件对数据进行管理分析，使用 Mplus 8.3 分别构建两个纵向交叉滞后中介模型，其中一个以认知融合作为预测变量，经验性回避作为中介变量，抑郁情绪作为结果变量；另一个调换认知融合和经验性回避在前一个模型中的位置，以经验性回避作为预测变量，认知融合作为中介变量，抑郁情绪作为结果变量。

本研究二研发了认知融合数字化微干预小程序，采用该干预小程序对 67 名大学生进行为期三周的干预研究，采用认知融合问卷、接纳与行动问卷、抑郁自评量表、近端效果调查问卷、满意度问卷和可实施性问卷收集数据，使用 SPSS 29.0 软件对数据进行管理、共同方法偏差检验、描述性分析、差异检验和相关分析、结构方程模型中介分析。

结果：研究一的结果发现：经验性回避在认知融合和抑郁情绪之间的交叉滞后中介作用成立，认知融合在经验性回避和抑郁情绪之间的交叉滞后在本实验条件下的中介作用不显著。研究二的结果发现：本研究所研发的认知融合数字化微干预程序的可行性良好，认知融合数字化微干预对降低认知融合、经验性回避和抑郁情绪水平均有效果，经验性回避变化量在认知融合变化量和抑郁情绪变化量之间的中介作用成立，研究一的结果得到进一步验证。

结论：经验性回避在认知融合和抑郁情绪之间的中介作用成立，认知融合数字化微干预有望成为人们自助预防和干预抑郁情绪的有效措施。

With the rapid development of network technology and market economy, people are facing unprecedented challenges. Pressure and conflicts from interpersonal, academic, employment, economy, values and other aspects are easy to induce people's depressive emotion and affect people's social function and subjective happiness. For the prevention and intervention of depression emotion, simple and convenient intervention measures with accessibility, economy and good privacy suitable for the current situation to meet the needs of the public are urgently needed. According to the theory of acceptance and commitment therapy (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT), human psychological suffering comes from its psychological inflexibility. The ACT model of psychological inflexibility consists of six core components: cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, separation from the present, conceptualized self, unclear values, and ineffective behavior. Among them, cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance are considered to be the cornerstones of the ACT model of psychological inflexibility. Cognitive fusion refers to the tendency of human behavior to be limited by the content of thinking, which makes people's behavior excessively controlled by language laws and cognitive evaluation, rather than the effective guidance of the direct situation at this moment, enabling people to respond in a non-constructive way. experiential avoidance refers to people's reluctance to maintain contact with their internal experiences (internal experiences including somatosensory, emotions, thoughts, memories, representations, and behavioral tendencies, etc.), to try to change the frequency, form of these internal experiences in the mind, and the situations that trigger them. Previous studies have consistently found a pairwise significant positive correlation between cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance and depressive emotion. However, the interaction mechanism between cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance and depressive emotion is still unclear, and the internal mechanism of how cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance influence each other and then affect depressive emotion needs to be further explored. Empirical studies through longitudinal research and intervention is necessary.

Objective: This study aims to explore the mediating effects of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance on depressive emotion through longitudinal survey studies and intervention studies.

Methods: In study one, a pair of 291 college students were investigated for three times, one month apart, data were collected using acceptance and action questionnaires, cognitive fusion questionnaire and depression self-rating scales, SPSS 29.0 software is used for data management and analysis. Two longitudinal cross-lagged mediation models were constructed separately using Mplus 8.3, One is with cognitive fusion as the predictor variable, experiential avoidance as the mediating variable, depression emotion as the outcome variable; Another switches the position of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the previous model, With the experiential avoidance as a predictor variable, cognitive fusion as the mediating variable, depression emotin is as the outcome variable.

Study two developed cognitive fusion digital micro-intervention mini program, using the intervention mini program of 67 college students for three weeks, using cognitive fusion questionnaire, acceptance and action questionnaire, depression self-evaluation scale, proximal effect questionnaire, satisfaction questionnaire and feasibility questionnaire to collect data, using SPSS 29.0 software data management analysis, the effect of statistical intervention by repeated measurement analysis of variance and independent sample t test the feasibility of the intervention program.

Results: The results of study one found that the mediation of experiential avoidance between cognitive fusion and depressive emotion is established, while the mediation of cognitive fusion between experiential avoidance and depressive emotion is not true. Study two results found: the research and development of cognitive fusion digital micro intervention program feasibility is good, cognitive fusion digital micro intervention to reduce cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance and depression emotion levels are effective, experiential avoidance change in cognitive fusion change and depression emotiong change mediation between effect, the results of study one is proved.

Conclusion: The mediation of experiential avoidance between cognitive fusion and depressive emotion holds. Cognitive fusion digital microintervention is expected to be an effective measure for people to self-help, prevent and intervene the depression emotion.