健康与遗传心理学研究室知识库

性别角色作为社会为不同性别赋予的行为规范、责任和期望，对个体的心理健康、行为模式及社会角色具有深远影响。自 1974 年 Bem 开发 BSRI 性别角色量表并提出双性化性别角色以来，对于性别角色的研究层出不穷。随着时代的发展，当代人们的性别角色也随之发生了很大的变化。婚姻满意度是婚姻研究中的核心概念，作为预测婚姻质量和稳定性的关键变量，不仅影响夫妻关系，还对个体的心理健康和社会适应有重要意义。本研究围绕“伴侣性别角色对婚姻满意度影响探究——伴侣支持的作用”这一主题，系统探讨了伴侣性别 角色、伴侣支持与婚姻满意度之间的复杂关系，揭示了性别角色对婚姻满意度的影响机制及伴侣支持的中介作用。

本研究分为两部分展开：研究一为探索性质性研究，采用访谈法对 12 对夫妻进行访谈，并采用扎根理论对访谈文本进行编码分析，归纳出核心范畴，并初步构建了伴侣性别角色影响婚姻满意度的理论框架。研究二是基于主客体互倚中介模型的实证研究，使用性别角色量表（BSRI 简表修订版）、婚姻满意度量表 （ENRICH）、伴侣支持量表（SIRRS 修订版）共收集 470 对夫妻数据，并分析伴侣性别角色对婚姻满意度的影响及伴侣支持的中介效应。

研究一最终归纳出伴侣性别角色成因、伴侣性别角色对婚姻过程影响和对婚姻的影响三个核心范畴，并得出初步结论: 伴侣性别角色影响伴侣的婚姻满意度，同时，伴侣性别角色影响婚姻过程中伴侣支持的寻求、提供、感知和反馈，从而 影响婚姻满意度。

研究二的主客体互倚模型分析显示，妻子女性化对自身婚姻满意度具有显著正向影响，妻子男性化、丈夫男性化和女性化性别角色对夫妻双方婚姻满意度影响不显著。中介效应分析显示伴侣支持的中介效应显著，即夫妻双方男性化和女性化性别角色通过伴侣支持的中介作用显著影响自身和对方婚姻满意度，间接效应大于直接效应。

结论：本研究通过质性研究和量化研究发现，妻子女性化特质对其自身婚姻满意度具有独特的提升作用，丈夫的女性化特质以及夫妻双方的男性化特质对婚姻满意度的直接影响均未达到显著水平，但通过促进伴侣之间的相互支持行为，夫妻双方的性别角色特质均能间接提升婚姻满意度，即伴侣支持在婚姻关系中有显著中介作用；无论夫妻双方的性别角色特质组合如何，高质量的支持性互动始 终是维持婚姻幸福的关键因素。

理论上，本研究丰富和拓展了性别角色与婚姻满意度关系的研究领域，进一步明确了伴侣性别角色对婚姻满意度的影响机制，尤其是揭示了伴侣支持在其中的中介作用，为后续相关理论的完善提供了实证依据。实践中，为夫妻关系的调适、婚姻辅导与咨询提供了科学指导，有助于夫妻双方更好地理解彼此性别角色对婚姻的影响，通过优化伴侣支持行为，提升婚姻满意度，促进婚姻关系的和谐稳定，对家庭幸福和社会稳定具有积极意义。

Gender Roles, as the behavioral norms, responsibilities and expectations that society assigns to different genders, have a profound impact on individuals' mental health, behavior patterns and social roles. Since Bem developed the BSRI scale and proposed androgyny gender roles in 1981, there has been an endless stream of research on Gender Roles. With the development of the times, the Gender Roles of contemporary people have also changed greatly. Marital Satisfaction is a core concept in marriage research. As a key variable for predicting marital quality and stability, it not only affects the relationship between husbands and wives, but also has important significance for individuals' mental health and social adaptation. This study focuses on the theme of "An Exploration of the Impact of Gender Roles on Marital Satisfaction: The Role of Spousal Support", systematically explores the complex relationship between Gender Roles, spousal support and Marital Satisfaction, and reveals the mechanism of Gender Roles on Marital Satisfaction and the mediating role of spousal support.

This study is divided into two parts: Study 1 is an exploratory qualitative study. The interview method was used to interview 12 couples, and the Grounded Theory was used to code and analyze them, summarizing the causes of Gender Roles, their impact on the marriage process and the results of their impact on marriage, and preliminarily constructing a theoretical framework for the impact of partner gender roles on marital satisfaction. Study 2 is an empirical study based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM). The data of 470 couples were collected using the Gender Role Inventory (BSRI revised short version), the Marital Satisfaction Scale (ENRICH), and the Partner Support Scale (SIRRS revised version). The impact of partner gender role traits on marital satisfaction and the mediating effect of spousal support were analyzed.

Study 1 ultimately obtained three core categories: the causes of partners’ gender roles, the influence of the partners’ gender roles on the marital process and the influence on marriage, and a preliminary conclusion was drawn: the partner gender role affects the partner's marital satisfaction. At the same time, the partner gender role affects the seeking, provision, perception and feedback of spousal support in the marital process, thereby affecting marital satisfaction.

The analysis of the APIM in Study 2 shows that the femininity of the wives has a significantly positive impact on her own marital satisfaction. The masculinity of wives and the masculinity and femininity of the husbands have no significant impact on the marital satisfaction of both the husbands and the wives. The analysis of the mediating effect shows that the mediating effect of partner support is significant. That is, the masculinity and femininity of both husbands and wives significantly affect their own and their partners’ marital satisfaction through the mediating role of spousal support. The indirect effects are greater than the direct effects.

Conclusions: This study, employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods, reveals that the wife's femininity traits uniquely enhance her own marital satisfaction, while the husband's femininity traits and both couples' masculinity traits show no significant direct effects on marital satisfaction. However, these gender role traits can indirectly improve marital satisfaction by facilitating mutual supportive behaviors between partners, demonstrating the significant mediating role of partner support in marital relationships. Regardless of the specific combination of gender role traits within a couple, high-quality spousal supportive interactions consistently emerge as the key factor in maintaining marital satisfaction.

In terms of theory, this study enriches and expands the research field of the relationship between gender roles and marital satisfaction, further clarifies the influence mechanism of couples gender roles on marital satisfaction, especially reveals the mediating role of spousal support, and provides empirical evidence for the improvement of relevant theories in the future. In practice, it provides scientific guidance for the adjustment of couple relationships, marriage counseling, and consultation. It helps both husbands and wives better understand the impact of each other's gender roles on marriage. By optimizing spousal support behaviors, marital satisfaction can be improved, and the harmonious and stable development of marital relationships can be promoted, which has positive significance for family happiness and social stability.