社会与工程心理学研究室知识库

自我不仅包括个体自我, 还包括关系自我。母亲是关系自我一个非常重要的构成。朱滢等人(2007)的研究表明, 与西方文化下的被试不同, 母亲与自我在中国人大脑中的表征无显著差异。但是目前尚不清楚母亲与自我的动机等级性是否存在差异。在本研究中, 我们利用一个简单的赌博任务, 以反馈相关负波(feedback-related negativity, FRN)为指标, 考察为自己而赌、为母亲而赌和为陌生人而赌三种情境下FRN波幅有无差异。 行为结果没有发现三种不同受益者情境下的动机差异。 脑电结果发现母亲和自我情境下的FRN显著大于陌生人情境下的 FRN, 但是母亲和自我情境下的FRN波幅统计上无显著差异。这个结果表明, 母亲和自我的动机等级性在中国文化下是相同的。本研究首次在结果评价领域提供了母亲与自我具有相同动机等级的脑电证据。

Self not only represents individual distinctiveness, but also internalizes and integrates with closed others, such as mother. The importance of closed others for self conception is shaped by culture difference, which could be reflected on the neural level. For instance, previous studies on Western people have observed significant difference in the activation of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) between the judgment of self and that of mother, which is a region involved in self-relevant processing. In contrast, for East Asians, there is a shared neural representation between self and mother in Chinese people. However, it remains unknown whether self and mother have the same motivational hierarchy among East Asians. Eighteen college students (22.1 ± 0.8 years of age, ranged 20~24, 10 males) participated in this study. Informed consent was obtained prior to the experiment. All had normal vision (with correction), and none had a history of neurological disease or brain injury. All of them were right-handed. The subjects were paid for their participation. The subjects were asked to finish the simple gambling task. Each trial started with a 3000 ms presentation of the a notice about the beneficiary of the ongoing bet (i.e. either ‘for yourself’, ‘for your mother’ or ‘for stranger’). The subjects were told that the stranger was someone selected from the subject pool. Each participant was paid 20 Chinese yuan for their participation. In the gambling task, there was a separate account for each beneficiary. Based on the gained points for each beneficiary, the final revenue or losses were added to the separate account. Finally, the money were put on the mother's or stranger's cell phone. The current findings replicated the well-established ERP pattern that losses evoked a larger FRN than gain in the gambling task. Also, the FRN amplitude was sensitive to the beneficiary factor. That is, the FRN was larger when the subjects made choices on behalf of themselves and their mothers than for strangers, but there was no significant difference between self and mother conditions. These ERP results provided evidence that self and mother share the same motivational hierarchy in Chinese brain.