高风险企业工作压力对安全行为的影响：  基于挑战型—阻碍型压力源框架

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	高风险企业工作压力对安全行为的影响：基于挑战型—阻碍型压力源框架
其他题名	The effects of work stress on safety behaviors in High-risk enterprise： based on challenge-hindrance stressor frame
	王璐璐
	2013-05
摘要	近年来工作压力的相关研究从单纯关注其负面作用，转向从积极和消极两方面的探索。据此，挑战型—阻碍型压力源模型对工作压力的维度进行了划分，有研究表明，挑战型—阻碍型压力源分别通过情感路径和动机路径对结果变量产生影响。在高风险领域，工作压力对安全绩效的影响也受到了越来越多的关注，但尚未获得一致的研究结果。工作要求—资源模型认为，工作资源会为员工完成工作提供支持，促使个体更好的应对工作要求。因此，本研究的目的在于：(1)基于挑战型—阻碍型压力源框架，在安全领域探讨工作压力对安全行为的影响； (2) 以团队水平上的主管支持和安全控制感作为工作资源的代表，探索工作资源对这一关系的调节作用。本文通过两个研究探索上述问题。研究一以272名煤矿一线工人为研究对象，通过现场问卷调查的方法验证研究目的1。研究二以核电厂主控室的43个运行值究目的2。最后分别对两个研究的数据进行了路径分析。结果发现：(1)工作压力通过两条不同的路径对安全行为产生影响基本得到验证。对于情感路径，挑战型、阻碍型压力源均会导致情绪耗竭，而情绪耗竭对安全行为产生消极影响，但在煤矿样本中未观察到阻碍型压力源对情绪耗竭的作用；对于动机路径，挑战型和阻碍型压力源对安全动机有消极作用，而安全动机对安全行为有积极影响，但在核电样本中挑战型压力源对安全动机的作用未能得到验证。(2)主管支持显著缓解阻碍型压力源导致的情绪耗竭；安全控制感显著抑制阻碍型压力源对安全动机的消极作用。本研究一方面将挑战型—阻碍型压力源模型和工作要求—资源模型进行了拓展和结合，扩展了对安全绩效的研究；另一方面为组织管理者如何在团队层面和个体层面缓解员工心理紧张、增强安全动机，从而改善安全绩效提供了理论指导。
其他摘要	The study on work stressors’ has been changed from emphasizing negative effect purely to paying attention to both positive and negative aspects recent years. Based on their differential effects, work stressors have been divided into two dimensions: challenge and hindrance stressors. Both of them have effects on outcomes via emotion and motivation, respectively. And According to job demand-resource model, job resources support individual to cope with job demands successfully. In safety field, more and more researchers have been showing increasing interest in in work stressors, while the possible different effects of challenge and hindrance stressors on safety performance (behaviors) has not gotten a consistent conclusion yet. Hence, the purposes of the current study were: (1) to explore the effect of work stressors on safety behaviors based on challenge-hindrance stressor framework; (2) to investigate the moderating effect of job resources (perceived safety control and supervisor’s support) on the relationship above. Two studies have been designed in the current research. In study one, a total of 272 coal mine employees answered the survey, which was to test the first purpose. In study two, a total of 289 nuclear power plant operators from 43 teams answered the surveys, which was to test the second purposed. Path analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that (1) work stressors made effect on safety behaviors through different pathways. For affection pathway, challenge and hindrance stressor induced emotion exhaustion, respectively, and exhaustion affected safety behaviors negatively. But hindrance stressor had no significant relationship with exhaustion in coal mine sample. For motivation pathway, challenge and hindrance stressors had negative effect on motivation, and motivation had positive effect on safety behaviors. But challenge stressor had no effect on safety motivation in nuclear sample. (2) Supervisor support could relieve the relationship between hindrance stressor and exhaustion. In addition, safety control restrained the negative effect of hindrance stressor on motivation. In conclusion, the current research combines and extends challenge-hindrance stressor model and job demand-resource model especially in safety field. On the other hand, the results also indicate how to relieve staff’s strain and increase safety motivation at group and individual level for supervisor. Other theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.
学科领域	应用心理学
关键词	挑战型—阻碍型压力源安全行为主管支持挑战型—阻碍型压力源，安全行为，主管支持，安全控制感安全控制感
学位类型	硕士
语种	中文
学位专业	心理学
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/19714
专题	社会与工程心理学研究室
作者单位	中国科学院心理研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王璐璐. 高风险企业工作压力对安全行为的影响：基于挑战型—阻碍型压力源框架[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2013.

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