| 其他摘要 | In the face of a vital disaster, for example, losing leggs, losing eyes, or making a vital loss decision “losing son or losing daughter”, emotions will be aroused. For individuals, it is undeniable that the aftermath of vital loss disaster brought not only a matter of survival, more likely to be associated with lifelong psychological problems. However, how to produce and study vital loss emotions in laboratory settings without substantial damage remain largely undefined. To address this gap in understanding, we designed nine studies to explore it. Experiment 1 (behavior study) and experiment 2 (imaging study): we explored whether vital loss emotions can be aroused by being forced to image the vital loss. The results showed that under imaging vital loss conditions, the emotion-superiority effect on memory disappeared. Furthermore, comparing to imaging trivial loss conditions, the brain activation under imaging vital loss conditions showed an attenuated activation. We conferred that the defense mechanism could prevent individuals from thoroughly imagining and experiencing the given loss situation and arouse emotions. Experiment 3 (behavior study) and experiment 4 (imaging study): we subtly makes use of the defense mechanism which could result in repeated trade-offs to people in order to minimize the disadvantages when forced to decide between two vital things and emotions will be comprehensively and automatically aroused without substantial damage. The results showed that under vital loss decisions, the emotion-superiority effect on memory appeared. Furthermore, our results revealed that the amygdala was more active and correlated positively with self-reported negative emotion associated with choice during vital loss decisions, when compared to trivial loss decisions. Our findings suggest that vital loss decisions produced strong emotions. How to relieve the negative emotion? Experiment 5 (behavior study) and experiment 6 (imaging study): we explored whether a huge compensation payment can relieve vital loss emotions. The results showed that the more important things were, the less ability of relief the huge compensation payment has. However, vital loss decision under the huge compensation payment showed an attenuated activation in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), which is associated with emotional conflict. Interestingly, experiment 4 (imaging study) also revealed when there was a choice between two losses in vital-trivial and trivial-trival loss decisions, trivial options were definitely lost in both conditions, but more activation of relief-related area appeared in vital-trivial loss decisions. To solve this problem, experiments 7-9 (behavior studies) were designed to explore the impact of contrast effects on vital loss emotions and its reasons. The results found that something particularly important being protected made the trivial things become increasingly less important and the negative emotion associated with losing trivial things reduced. In conclusion, this research aroused vital loss emotions and its bold signal in laboratory settings without substantial damage, and found both the contrast effects of importance of alternatives and a huge compensation payment can relieve the vital-related loss emotions. This research has shed light on the neural mechanisms involved in evolutionary psychology, utility model in medical decision making, and cognitive |
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