| 其他摘要 | According to the Just-World Theory, individuals need to believe that they live in a world where good people get rewarded and bad people get punished, so that they can live in a environment as though it was stable and orderly. Belief in a just world (BJW) is a kind of positive delusion of the objective world where justice doesn’t always prevail upon injustice. In particular, the general BJW concerning others and the whole world, which loses its importance during adulthood, relates to anti-social attitude independent of personal BJW. However, researches on disadvantaged group and people in developing countries revealed that they construed general BJW in the different way. The current research recruited ordinary adults in four cities of China (study 1A), adult survivors losing their family in the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (study 1B) and adolescents in the poverty-stricken county (study 1C), and found that Chinese in harsh realities held more general BJW than personal BJW, and the general BJW predicted their resilience independent of personal BJW. Meanwhile, the cross-cultural survey on future consideration (study 2A), the priming of future in the real life (study 2B) and the experimental priming of long-term investments (study 2C) showed that general BJW functioned in the long term perspective, and participants with strong general BJW and long-term investments expressed more emotional stress, and reported more tendency of perpetrator revenge and victim blame when encountering the justice threat, whereas those with no long-term investments didn’t reveal this model. Furthermore, the big sample covering 13 cities nationwide replicated the robust effect of general BJW (study 3A). Also, the Implicit Associate Test (IAT) confirmed the self-others distinction of justice motive. That is, participants performed faster in the association task of the self category and the wrongedness category than that of the others category and the wrongedness category, namely they believed that themselves rather than others were treated unfairly. At mean time, those faster in others-deserved association task responded faster in the self-future association task and revealed less negative emotion, while preferred less altruism behavior (study 3B). In sum, both explicit and implicit evidence demonstrated that Chinese revealed robust general BJW, believing that the world is more just generally than for themselve. These findings could be explained by the need for order and compensate justice of the disadvantaged group, and the natural transcending in Chinese traditional culture also accounts for this phenomenon partially. Nevertheless, the paradox that general BJW relates positively to individuals’ adaptation via the long term perspective in harsh realties but negatively to prosocial rationality and altruism, should be seriously concerned in future directions. |
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